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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Spline-Interpolation</span></h1>
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<p>Bei der <b>Spline-Interpolation</b> versucht man, gegebene <a href="St%C3%BCtzstelle" title="Stützstelle">Stützstellen</a>, auch Knoten genannt, mit Hilfe stückweiser Polynome niedrigen Grades zu <a href="Interpolation_(Mathematik)" title="Interpolation (Mathematik)">interpolieren</a>. Während das Ergebnis einer <a href="Polynominterpolation" title="Polynominterpolation">Polynominterpolation</a> durch unvorteilhaft festgelegte Stützstellen oft bis zur Unkenntlichkeit <a href="Oszillation_(Topologie)" title="Oszillation (Topologie)">oszilliert</a>, liefert die Splineinterpolation brauchbare Kurvenverläufe und <a href="Approximation" title="Approximation">Approximationseigenschaften</a> (<a href="Polynominterpolation#Runges_Phänomen" title="Polynominterpolation">Rungephänomen</a>). Die Spline-Interpolation lässt sich mit geringem, linearem Aufwand berechnen, liefert aber im Vergleich zur Polynominterpolation eine geringere <a href="Konvergenzordnung" class="mw-redirect" title="Konvergenzordnung">Konvergenzordnung</a>.
</p><p>Vorlage für die Splineinterpolation (dritten Grades) ist das traditionelle, biegsame <a href="Lineal" title="Lineal">Lineal</a> der <a href="Schiffbau" title="Schiffbau">Schiffbauer</a>, die <a href="Straklatte" title="Straklatte">Straklatte</a> (englisch <i>Spline</i>). Diese wird an beliebig vielen, vom Konstrukteur vorgegebenen Punkten fixiert und verbindet die Punkte dann durch eine glatte und harmonische <a href="Biegelinie" title="Biegelinie">Biegelinie</a>. Die Straklatte erzeugt so die Linie durch alle Punkte mit minimaler <a href="Verzerrungsenergie" title="Verzerrungsenergie">Biegeenergie</a> und kleinsten <a href="Kr%C3%BCmmung" title="Krümmung">Krümmungen</a>. Während bei der Straklatte die <a href="Wendepunkt" title="Wendepunkt">Wendestellen</a> (Orte maximaler Linearität und minimaler Biegeenergie) in der Regel zwischen den Stützstellen liegen und die Stützstellen selbst Orte maximaler Krümmung sind (Orte maximaler Kraft durch Fixierung), liegen die Wendestellen bei der Polynomeninterpolation nahe an den Stützstellen, bei der polynomialen Bestapproximation sogar in den Stützstellen.
</p><p>Die Begriffe <i>Splineinterpolation</i> bzw. <i>Splinefunktion</i> ohne weitere Zusätze bezeichnen immer die Splineinterpolation bzw. Splinefunktion dritten Grades. Beide Begriffe werden zumeist synonym verwendet. Der Begriff Spline wird jedoch zunehmend als Abkürzung für <a href="B-Spline" class="mw-redirect" title="B-Spline">B-Spline</a>, seltener auch für andere splineartige Linien wie die <a href="B%C3%A9zierkurve" title="Bézierkurve">Bézierkurven</a>, benutzt.
</p><p>Smoothing Splines sind Splines, die nicht durch jeden Datenpunkt verlaufen müssen und können zur Signalglättung benutzt werden.
</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gegebenheiten">Gegebenheiten</h2></div>
<p>Gegeben: eine natürliche Zahl <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle n\in \mathbb {N} }">
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/d059936e77a2d707e9ee0a1d9575a1d693ce5d0b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:5.913ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle n\in \mathbb {N} }" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle n+1}">
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/2a135e65a42f2d73cccbfc4569523996ca0036f1.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:5.398ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle n+1}" loading="lazy"></span> Stützstellen <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x_{0}<x_{1}<\dotsb <x_{n-1}<x_{n}\in \mathbb {R} }">
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sowie <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle n+1}">
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/2a135e65a42f2d73cccbfc4569523996ca0036f1.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:5.398ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle n+1}" loading="lazy"></span> Funktionswerte <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle y_{0},y_{1}\dotsc ,y_{n-1},y_{n}\in \mathbb {R} }">
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/2decebe15a8a6137685560a31c14714646ea447f.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:22.321ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle y_{0},y_{1}\dotsc ,y_{n-1},y_{n}\in \mathbb {R} }" loading="lazy"></span>. Gesucht ist eine stückweise polynomiale Funktion, ein <i>Spline</i>,
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<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle s\colon [x_{0},x_{n}]\to \mathbb {R} }">
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<p>mit <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle s(x_{i})=y_{i}}">
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c6eb1bf390bc07db5de9b9c7bca2e1c1d7ee815c.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:10.066ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle s(x_{i})=y_{i}}" loading="lazy"></span> für <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle i=0,\dotsc ,n}">
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Einschränkungen
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<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle s_{i}:=s|_{[x_{i},x_{i+1}]}\;\colon \;[x_{i},x_{i+1}]\to \mathbb {R} }">
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/8ef257e02634748023cbe78805329f64c8c9ec60.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.338ex; width:30.116ex; height:3.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle s_{i}:=s|_{[x_{i},x_{i+1}]}\;\colon \;[x_{i},x_{i+1}]\to \mathbb {R} }" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>auf die Teilintervalle <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle [x_{i},x_{i+1}]}">
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle [x_{i},x_{i+1}]}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/7138606cdb8eb7dddaba59b5aefe1ade6bc05a1b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:8.687ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle [x_{i},x_{i+1}]}" loading="lazy"></span> Polynome sind.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Linear_(einfacher_Streckenzug)"><span id="Linear_.28einfacher_Streckenzug.29"></span>Linear (einfacher Streckenzug)</h2></div>
<p>Die einfachste Methode ist die Verwendung von Geraden zwischen jeweils zwei benachbarten Punkten, die Berechnung eines einfachen Splines als <a href="Polygonzug_(Mathematik)" title="Polygonzug (Mathematik)">Streckenzug</a> erfolgt auf dieselbe Weise, mit der man auch den Graphen zwischen zwei Punkten ermittelt:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}s(x)&amp;=m\cdot x+b\\&amp;=\underbrace {\frac {y_{2}-y_{1}}{x_{2}-x_{1}}} _{=\,m}\cdot x+\underbrace {y_{1}-{\frac {y_{2}-y_{1}}{x_{2}-x_{1}}}\cdot x_{1}} _{=\,b\,=\,y_{{}_{1}}-m\cdot x_{{}_{1}}}\end{aligned}}}">
<semantics>
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<mtr>
<mtd>
<mi>s</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mi></mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>m</mi>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
</mtd>
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<mtr>
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<mtd>
<mi></mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<munder>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-OP MJX-fixedlimits">
<munder>
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<msub>
<mi>y</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
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<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
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<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
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<mo>⏟<!-- ⏟ --></mo>
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<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>=</mo>
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<mi>m</mi>
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<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<munder>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-OP MJX-fixedlimits">
<munder>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>y</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
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<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>y</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
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<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
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<mi>y</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
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<mi>x</mi>
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<mn>2</mn>
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<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
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</mfrac>
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<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
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</msub>
</mrow>
<mo>⏟<!-- ⏟ --></mo>
</munder>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>=</mo>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mi>b</mi>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mo>=</mo>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<msub>
<mi>y</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">

</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>m</mi>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">

</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
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</msub>
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</msub>
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</munder>
</mtd>
</mtr>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}s(x)&amp;=m\cdot x+b\\&amp;=\underbrace {\frac {y_{2}-y_{1}}{x_{2}-x_{1}}} _{=\,m}\cdot x+\underbrace {y_{1}-{\frac {y_{2}-y_{1}}{x_{2}-x_{1}}}\cdot x_{1}} _{=\,b\,=\,y_{{}_{1}}-m\cdot x_{{}_{1}}}\end{aligned}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/701611e15277414beda655f633f0194f2f3745a7.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -5.838ex; width:39.914ex; height:12.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}s(x)&amp;=m\cdot x+b\\&amp;=\underbrace {\frac {y_{2}-y_{1}}{x_{2}-x_{1}}} _{=\,m}\cdot x+\underbrace {y_{1}-{\frac {y_{2}-y_{1}}{x_{2}-x_{1}}}\cdot x_{1}} _{=\,b\,=\,y_{{}_{1}}-m\cdot x_{{}_{1}}}\end{aligned}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>oder auch <span id="AlternativeDarstellungLinearesSpline"></span>
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle s(x)={\frac {x_{2}-x}{x_{2}-x_{1}}}\cdot y_{1}+{\frac {x-x_{1}}{x_{2}-x_{1}}}\cdot y_{2}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>s</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>x</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>y</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>+</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>y</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle s(x)={\frac {x_{2}-x}{x_{2}-x_{1}}}\cdot y_{1}+{\frac {x-x_{1}}{x_{2}-x_{1}}}\cdot y_{2}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/ccbc6a65f39bc14c233585228fa648aece915761.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.171ex; width:34.802ex; height:5.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle s(x)={\frac {x_{2}-x}{x_{2}-x_{1}}}\cdot y_{1}+{\frac {x-x_{1}}{x_{2}-x_{1}}}\cdot y_{2}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Konvergenz_linear_Splines">Konvergenz linear Splines</h3></div>
<p>Seien <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle n+1}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle n+1}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/2a135e65a42f2d73cccbfc4569523996ca0036f1.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:5.398ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle n+1}" loading="lazy"></span> Stützstellen <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle a=x_{0}<x_{1}<\dots <x_{n}=b}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>&lt;</mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>&lt;</mo>
<mo>⋯<!-- ⋯ --></mo>
<mo>&lt;</mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle a=x_{0}&lt;x_{1}&lt;\dots &lt;x_{n}=b}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/15321b64863e06bac00aeeaee7ab184661517340.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:27.759ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle a=x_{0}<x_{1}<\dots <x_{n}=b}" loading="lazy"></span> gegeben und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle h_{i}=x_{i+1}-x_{i}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>h</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle h_{i}=x_{i+1}-x_{i}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/31af113455ce988aee488897d3d78aae9de9fd0c.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:14.437ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle h_{i}=x_{i+1}-x_{i}}" loading="lazy"></span> die Abstände der Stützstellen für <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle i=0,\dots ,n-1}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle i=0,\dots ,n-1}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/750dce7e3c8e39bb000ebc0277b55f7865f24588.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:15.639ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle i=0,\dots ,n-1}" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle h:=\max _{i=0,\dots ,n-1}h_{i}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>h</mi>
<mo>:=</mo>
<munder>
<mo movablelimits="true" form="prefix">max</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</munder>
<msub>
<mi>h</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle h:=\max _{i=0,\dots ,n-1}h_{i}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/72c37b57e886a29b2bb70c470d665dd8fbfb34c9.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:16.205ex; height:4.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle h:=\max _{i=0,\dots ,n-1}h_{i}}" loading="lazy"></span> deren Maximum. Für die linear Splinefunktion <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle s(x)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>s</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle s(x)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/10f51eec88706f1a26ac7430dc71d92c15e71a6e.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:4.229ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle s(x)}" loading="lazy"></span>, die die Funktion <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f\in C^{2}([a,b])}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>f</mi>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>C</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">]</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f\in C^{2}([a,b])}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/091bbfd527c5f82ec1a336d154239945837f63b1.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:13.336ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f\in C^{2}([a,b])}" loading="lazy"></span> interpoliert, d.&nbsp;h. es gilt <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f(x_{i})=s(x_{i})}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>s</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f(x_{i})=s(x_{i})}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/d0c74295169d68240e2a5e4510837168b5b7178c.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:13.345ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f(x_{i})=s(x_{i})}" loading="lazy"></span> für <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle i=0,1,dots,n}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
<mo>,</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>d</mi>
<mi>o</mi>
<mi>t</mi>
<mi>s</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle i=0,1,dots,n}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/64bdabde7be17b7d49d2fdf4d3e155293b7ae16b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:14.996ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle i=0,1,dots,n}" loading="lazy"></span>, dann gilt die Fehlerabschätzung<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle ||f-s||_{L_{\infty }([a,b])}:=\max _{x\in [a,b]}|f(x)-s(x)|\leq {\frac {h^{2}}{8}}||f''||_{L_{\infty }([a,b])}.}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
</mrow>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>s</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
</mrow>
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msub>
<mi>L</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">∞<!-- ∞ --></mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">]</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>:=</mo>
<munder>
<mo movablelimits="true" form="prefix">max</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">]</mo>
</mrow>
</munder>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
</mrow>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>s</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<msup>
<mi>h</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mn>8</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
</mrow>
<msup>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo>″</mo>
</msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
</mrow>
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
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<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msub>
<mi>L</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">∞<!-- ∞ --></mi>
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<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
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<mo>,</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">]</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>.</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle ||f-s||_{L_{\infty }([a,b])}:=\max _{x\in [a,b]}|f(x)-s(x)|\leq {\frac {h^{2}}{8}}||f''||_{L_{\infty }([a,b])}.}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/19194741fcf3dbd0a8900c6999fb8af7f1ee53d6.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:55.866ex; height:6.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle ||f-s||_{L_{\infty }([a,b])}:=\max _{x\in [a,b]}|f(x)-s(x)|\leq {\frac {h^{2}}{8}}||f''||_{L_{\infty }([a,b])}.}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Damit konvergieren linear Splines quadratisch mit der Gitterweite <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle h}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>h</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle h}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b26be3e694314bc90c3215047e4a2010c6ee184a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.339ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle h}" loading="lazy"></span> gegen die eigentliche Funktion <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>f</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/132e57acb643253e7810ee9702d9581f159a1c61.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.279ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f}" loading="lazy"></span>. Dies steht stark im Kontrast zur Polynominterpolation von <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>f</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/132e57acb643253e7810ee9702d9581f159a1c61.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.279ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f}" loading="lazy"></span> auf dem Intervall <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle [a,b]}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">]</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle [a,b]}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/9c4b788fc5c637e26ee98b45f89a5c08c85f7935.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:4.555ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle [a,b]}" loading="lazy"></span>, die im Allgemeinen nicht konvergiert mit zunehmenden Polynomgrad und stattdessen sogenannte <a href="Polynominterpolation#Runges_Phänomen" title="Polynominterpolation">Runge-Oszillationen</a> aufweist.
</p><p>Linearen Spline-Funktionen sind an den Stützstellen jedoch nicht differenzierbar. Dieses Problem lässt sich durch kubische Splines lösen, welche zweimal stetig differenzierbar sind.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kubisch_(Polynome_3._Grades)"><span id="Kubisch_.28Polynome_3._Grades.29"></span>Kubisch (Polynome 3. Grades)</h2></div>
<p>Bei der Verbindung von Punkten mit Polynomen höheren Grades müssen zusätzlich zu den Stützstellen Eigenschaften definiert werden, wie die Polynome ineinander übergehen. Für kubische Splines sind in einer Dimension 4 Koeffizienten zu bestimmen und zwei weitere Bedingungen sind zu definieren.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Der_kubische_C²-Spline"><span id="Der_kubische_C.C2.B2-Spline"></span>Der kubische C²-Spline</h3></div>
<p><a href="Differentiationsklasse" title="Differentiationsklasse">C<sup>2</sup></a> fordert, dass die zusammengesetzte Funktion <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle S}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>S</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle S}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/4611d85173cd3b508e67077d4a1252c9c05abca2.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.499ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle S}" loading="lazy"></span> aus allen Einschränkungen (<a href="Intervall_(Mathematik)" title="Intervall (Mathematik)">Teilintervallen</a>) <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle s_{i}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>s</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle s_{i}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/cfda82668232cbdc0874ed28ab8b6079420d1ffe.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.89ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle s_{i}}" loading="lazy"></span> zweimal stetig differenzierbar ist. Dafür wird gefordert, dass die erste und zweite Ableitung der Einschränkungen an den Stützstellen
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle s'_{i}(x_{i}):=s'_{i-1}(x_{i})}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msubsup>
<mi>s</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
<mo>′</mo>
</msubsup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>:=</mo>
<msubsup>
<mi>s</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
<mo>′</mo>
</msubsup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle s'_{i}(x_{i}):=s'_{i-1}(x_{i})}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/1fadcb47974045b0824787c241ccff8789473bd1.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.171ex; width:17.503ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle s'_{i}(x_{i}):=s'_{i-1}(x_{i})}" loading="lazy"></span> &nbsp; und &nbsp; <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle s''_{i}(x_{i}):=s''_{i-1}(x_{i})}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msubsup>
<mi>s</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
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<mo>″</mo>
</msubsup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
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<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
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<msubsup>
<mi>s</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
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<mo>″</mo>
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<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle s''_{i}(x_{i}):=s''_{i-1}(x_{i})}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/a590fbda39ea2555e153617d9a381eed7754f289.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.171ex; width:17.841ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle s''_{i}(x_{i}):=s''_{i-1}(x_{i})}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>für <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle i=1,\dotsc ,n-1}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle i=1,\dotsc ,n-1}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/4f8405be78759db9894666cbd86931e243843bcb.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:15.639ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle i=1,\dotsc ,n-1}" loading="lazy"></span> übereinstimmen.
</p><p>Prinzipiell gilt, dass sich eine Änderung einer Stützstelle <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (x_{i},y_{i})}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>y</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (x_{i},y_{i})}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/d6dbb919b91ccacf17ed47898048428a1baf9703.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:6.912ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (x_{i},y_{i})}" loading="lazy"></span> stets global auf den gesamten Spline <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle S}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>S</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle S}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/4611d85173cd3b508e67077d4a1252c9c05abca2.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.499ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle S}" loading="lazy"></span> auswirkt, jedoch wird der Einfluss der Änderung mit zunehmender Distanz zu <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x_{i}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x_{i}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/e87000dd6142b81d041896a30fe58f0c3acb2158.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.129ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x_{i}}" loading="lazy"></span> – anders als bei <a href="Polynominterpolation" title="Polynominterpolation">Interpolationspolynomen</a> – stark gedämpft. Kubische Splines neigen daher weniger zum <a href="%C3%9Cberschwingen" title="Überschwingen">Überschwingen</a>.
</p><p>Der kubische C<sup>2</sup>-Spline erfüllt eine <a href="#Minimalitätseigenschaft_der_zweiten_Ableitung">Minimalitätseigenschaft</a> der zweiten Ableitung, was ihn gegenüber anderen Interpolationen besonders interessant macht.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Konstruktion">Konstruktion</h4></div>
<p>Es ist ersichtlich, dass die zweite Ableitung von <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle S}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>S</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle S}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/4611d85173cd3b508e67077d4a1252c9c05abca2.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.499ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle S}" loading="lazy"></span> ein linearer Spline ist. Diese kann daher wie <a href="#AlternativeDarstellungLinearesSpline">oben</a> beschrieben durch folgende Form beschrieben werden:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle s_{i}''(x)={\frac {x_{i+1}-x}{h_{i}}}\cdot M_{i}+{\frac {x-x_{i}}{h_{i}}}\cdot M_{i+1}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msubsup>
<mi>s</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
<mo>″</mo>
</msubsup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>x</mi>
</mrow>
<msub>
<mi>h</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>M</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
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</msub>
<mo>+</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
<msub>
<mi>h</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>M</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle s_{i}''(x)={\frac {x_{i+1}-x}{h_{i}}}\cdot M_{i}+{\frac {x-x_{i}}{h_{i}}}\cdot M_{i+1}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/729472544220716518af4b3322f9d8c183756eb3.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:39.243ex; height:5.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle s_{i}''(x)={\frac {x_{i+1}-x}{h_{i}}}\cdot M_{i}+{\frac {x-x_{i}}{h_{i}}}\cdot M_{i+1}}" loading="lazy"></span> &nbsp; mit &nbsp; <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle h_{i}=x_{i+1}-x_{i}}">
<semantics>
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<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>h</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
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</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
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<mi>i</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
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</msub>
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<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle h_{i}=x_{i+1}-x_{i}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/31af113455ce988aee488897d3d78aae9de9fd0c.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:14.437ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle h_{i}=x_{i+1}-x_{i}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>für <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle i=0,\dotsc ,n-1}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle i=0,\dotsc ,n-1}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/04588c3bcef1e9806d32f38ed60df61bbc3c0c36.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:15.639ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle i=0,\dotsc ,n-1}" loading="lazy"></span>.
<span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle M_{i}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>M</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle M_{i}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/eda8fd06f1cd5de22ed07385a0f8aa19773b2de9.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:3.054ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle M_{i}}" loading="lazy"></span> sind die sogenannten <i>Momente</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> welche den Werten von <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle S''(x_{i})}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>S</mi>
<mo>″</mo>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle S''(x_{i})}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/409d07cb86cbab0050fbeef3a286f6d5b851cdb0.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:6.597ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle S''(x_{i})}" loading="lazy"></span> an den Stützstellen entsprechen und im Folgenden zu berechnen sind. Durch zweifache Integration und geschickte Umformung entstehen aus diesen Gleichungen Polynome dritten Grades mit zwei weiteren Parametern <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle c_{i}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>c</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle c_{i}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/01acb7953ba52c2aa44264b5d0f8fd223aa178a2.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.807ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle c_{i}}" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle d_{i}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>d</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle d_{i}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/abe3154db7d4f92fb42dd1f80f52f528c6312e4a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.009ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle d_{i}}" loading="lazy"></span> der Form:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle s_{i}(x)={\frac {1}{6}}\left({\frac {(x_{i+1}-x)^{3}}{h_{i}}}\cdot M_{i}+{\frac {(x-x_{i})^{3}}{h_{i}}}\cdot M_{i+1}\right)+c_{i}\cdot (x-x_{i})+d_{i}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>s</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mn>6</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<msup>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>3</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mrow>
<msub>
<mi>h</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>M</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>+</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<msup>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>3</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mrow>
<msub>
<mi>h</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>M</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<msub>
<mi>c</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>+</mo>
<msub>
<mi>d</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle s_{i}(x)={\frac {1}{6}}\left({\frac {(x_{i+1}-x)^{3}}{h_{i}}}\cdot M_{i}+{\frac {(x-x_{i})^{3}}{h_{i}}}\cdot M_{i+1}\right)+c_{i}\cdot (x-x_{i})+d_{i}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/46d44758e82a78d0b234e5ae9cdc38bf5664af18.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.171ex; width:69.984ex; height:7.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle s_{i}(x)={\frac {1}{6}}\left({\frac {(x_{i+1}-x)^{3}}{h_{i}}}\cdot M_{i}+{\frac {(x-x_{i})^{3}}{h_{i}}}\cdot M_{i+1}\right)+c_{i}\cdot (x-x_{i})+d_{i}}" loading="lazy"></span> .</dd></dl>
<p>Um die Stetigkeitsbedingungen <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle s_{i}(x_{i})=y_{i}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>s</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mi>y</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle s_{i}(x_{i})=y_{i}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/7fdc32fcedf3600d4c91802e47e5b3432c3e3185.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:10.866ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle s_{i}(x_{i})=y_{i}}" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle s_{i}(x_{i+1})=y_{i+1}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>s</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mi>y</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle s_{i}(x_{i+1})=y_{i+1}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b813b12e1c321cf919443e297c3711933a80e3f7.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:15.067ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle s_{i}(x_{i+1})=y_{i+1}}" loading="lazy"></span> zu erfüllen, wählen wir<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle d_{i}=y_{i}-{\frac {h_{i}^{2}}{6}}\cdot M_{i}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>d</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mi>y</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<msubsup>
<mi>h</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mn>6</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>M</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle d_{i}=y_{i}-{\frac {h_{i}^{2}}{6}}\cdot M_{i}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/e5c9807cfc797a9bda8acb2befc2bdafa1f6259f.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:17.849ex; height:5.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle d_{i}=y_{i}-{\frac {h_{i}^{2}}{6}}\cdot M_{i}}" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle c_{i}={\frac {y_{i+1}-y_{i}}{h_{i}}}-{\frac {h_{i}}{6}}\cdot (M_{i+1}-M_{i})}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>c</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>y</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>y</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
<msub>
<mi>h</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<msub>
<mi>h</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mn>6</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>M</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
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<msub>
<mi>M</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle c_{i}={\frac {y_{i+1}-y_{i}}{h_{i}}}-{\frac {h_{i}}{6}}\cdot (M_{i+1}-M_{i})}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f7b522bb6d1c3a089c00b26d46c292b6aa1d2b56.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:34.912ex; height:5.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle c_{i}={\frac {y_{i+1}-y_{i}}{h_{i}}}-{\frac {h_{i}}{6}}\cdot (M_{i+1}-M_{i})}" loading="lazy"></span> .</dd></dl>
<p>Mit diesem Ansatz stimmen bereits die nullten und die zweiten Ableitungen der Einschränkungen <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle s_{i}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>s</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle s_{i}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/cfda82668232cbdc0874ed28ab8b6079420d1ffe.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.89ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle s_{i}}" loading="lazy"></span> an den Stützstellen überein. Die Momente sind so zu wählen, dass auch die ersten Ableitungen an den Stützstellen gleich sind. Mit
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle s_{i}'(x)={\frac {1}{2}}\left(-{\frac {(x_{i+1}-x)^{2}}{h_{i}}}\cdot M_{i}+{\frac {(x-x_{i})^{2}}{h_{i}}}\cdot M_{i+1}\right)+c_{i}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msubsup>
<mi>s</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
<mo>′</mo>
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<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mn>2</mn>
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</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle s_{i}'(x)={\frac {1}{2}}\left(-{\frac {(x_{i+1}-x)^{2}}{h_{i}}}\cdot M_{i}+{\frac {(x-x_{i})^{2}}{h_{i}}}\cdot M_{i+1}\right)+c_{i}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/54647bd0cdc5a313bbb1a8f8f2ad7587d0d7ec18.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.171ex; width:57.155ex; height:7.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle s_{i}'(x)={\frac {1}{2}}\left(-{\frac {(x_{i+1}-x)^{2}}{h_{i}}}\cdot M_{i}+{\frac {(x-x_{i})^{2}}{h_{i}}}\cdot M_{i+1}\right)+c_{i}}" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle s_{i}'(x_{i})=s_{i-1}'(x_{i})}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msubsup>
<mi>s</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
<mo>′</mo>
</msubsup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<msubsup>
<mi>s</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
<mo>′</mo>
</msubsup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle s_{i}'(x_{i})=s_{i-1}'(x_{i})}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/bb5e98266df0385c50245a483ecf0572f35870d1.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.171ex; width:16.857ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle s_{i}'(x_{i})=s_{i-1}'(x_{i})}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>lassen sich folgende Gleichungen aufstellen:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {h_{i-1}}{6}}\cdot M_{i-1}+{\frac {h_{i-1}+h_{i}}{3}}\cdot M_{i}+{\frac {h_{i}}{6}}\cdot M_{i+1}={\frac {y_{i+1}-y_{i}}{h_{i}}}-{\frac {y_{i}-y_{i-1}}{h_{i-1}}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<msub>
<mi>h</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mn>6</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>M</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>+</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>h</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>+</mo>
<msub>
<mi>h</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
<mn>3</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>M</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>+</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<msub>
<mi>h</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mn>6</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>M</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>y</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>y</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
<msub>
<mi>h</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>y</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>y</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
<msub>
<mi>h</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {h_{i-1}}{6}}\cdot M_{i-1}+{\frac {h_{i-1}+h_{i}}{3}}\cdot M_{i}+{\frac {h_{i}}{6}}\cdot M_{i+1}={\frac {y_{i+1}-y_{i}}{h_{i}}}-{\frac {y_{i}-y_{i-1}}{h_{i-1}}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/6ea08bb0b27f8ff1aa9cb84cb12c42ea9f3659c8.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:67.433ex; height:5.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {h_{i-1}}{6}}\cdot M_{i-1}+{\frac {h_{i-1}+h_{i}}{3}}\cdot M_{i}+{\frac {h_{i}}{6}}\cdot M_{i+1}={\frac {y_{i+1}-y_{i}}{h_{i}}}-{\frac {y_{i}-y_{i-1}}{h_{i-1}}}}" loading="lazy"></span> für <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle i=1,\dots ,n-1}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle i=1,\dots ,n-1}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/32c342c71c0fe82529c2735fcdef589bae16da1b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:15.639ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle i=1,\dots ,n-1}" loading="lazy"></span> .</dd></dl>
<p>Für <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle i=0}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle i=0}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/31a682d568ee6a5fe51d76423186057f625ada5c.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:5.063ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle i=0}" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle i=n}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle i=n}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/0fd7cee5ae3994505fbd4c07a2cae9b2887e6d51.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:5.296ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle i=n}" loading="lazy"></span> fehlen hier zwei Gleichungen, welche sich aus den <a href="#Randbedingungen">Randbedingungen</a> ergeben.
</p><p>Dieses <a href="Lineares_Gleichungssystem" title="Lineares Gleichungssystem">lineare Gleichungssystem</a> kann auch durch folgende, tridiagonale, streng <a href="Diagonaldominante_Matrix" title="Diagonaldominante Matrix">diagonaldominante Matrix</a> ausgedrückt werden:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\begin{bmatrix}\mu _{0}&amp;\lambda _{0}&amp;&amp;&amp;&amp;\\{\frac {h_{0}}{6}}&amp;{\frac {h_{0}+h_{1}}{3}}&amp;{\frac {h_{1}}{6}}&amp;&amp;&amp;\\&amp;\ddots &amp;\ddots &amp;\ddots &amp;&amp;\\&amp;&amp;{\frac {h_{i-1}}{6}}&amp;{\frac {h_{i-1}+h_{i}}{3}}&amp;{\frac {h_{i}}{6}}&amp;\\&amp;&amp;&amp;\ddots &amp;\ddots &amp;\ddots \\&amp;&amp;&amp;&amp;\lambda _{n}&amp;\mu _{n}\end{bmatrix}}\cdot {\begin{bmatrix}M_{0}\\M_{1}\\\vdots \\M_{i}\\\vdots \\M_{n}\end{bmatrix}}={\begin{bmatrix}b_{0}\\{\frac {y_{2}-y_{1}}{h_{1}}}-{\frac {y_{1}-y_{0}}{h_{0}}}\\\vdots \\{\frac {y_{i+1}-y_{i}}{h_{i}}}-{\frac {y_{i}-y_{i-1}}{h_{i-1}}}\\\vdots \\b_{n}\end{bmatrix}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow>
<mo>[</mo>
<mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em">
<mtr>
<mtd>
<msub>
<mi>μ<!-- μ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<msub>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mtd>
<mtd></mtd>
<mtd></mtd>
<mtd></mtd>
<mtd></mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<msub>
<mi>h</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mn>6</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>h</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>+</mo>
<msub>
<mi>h</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
<mn>3</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<msub>
<mi>h</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mn>6</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</mtd>
<mtd></mtd>
<mtd></mtd>
<mtd></mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd></mtd>
<mtd>
<mo>⋱<!-- ⋱ --></mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mo>⋱<!-- ⋱ --></mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mo>⋱<!-- ⋱ --></mo>
</mtd>
<mtd></mtd>
<mtd></mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd></mtd>
<mtd></mtd>
<mtd>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<msub>
<mi>h</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mn>6</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>h</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>+</mo>
<msub>
<mi>h</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
<mn>3</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<msub>
<mi>h</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mn>6</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</mtd>
<mtd></mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd></mtd>
<mtd></mtd>
<mtd></mtd>
<mtd>
<mo>⋱<!-- ⋱ --></mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mo>⋱<!-- ⋱ --></mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mo>⋱<!-- ⋱ --></mo>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd></mtd>
<mtd></mtd>
<mtd></mtd>
<mtd></mtd>
<mtd>
<msub>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<msub>
<mi>μ<!-- μ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mtd>
</mtr>
</mtable>
<mo>]</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow>
<mo>[</mo>
<mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em">
<mtr>
<mtd>
<msub>
<mi>M</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<msub>
<mi>M</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mo>⋮<!-- ⋮ --></mo>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<msub>
<mi>M</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mo>⋮<!-- ⋮ --></mo>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<msub>
<mi>M</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mtd>
</mtr>
</mtable>
<mo>]</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow>
<mo>[</mo>
<mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em">
<mtr>
<mtd>
<msub>
<mi>b</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>y</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>y</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
<msub>
<mi>h</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>y</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>y</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
<msub>
<mi>h</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mo>⋮<!-- ⋮ --></mo>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>y</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>y</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
<msub>
<mi>h</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>y</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>y</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
<msub>
<mi>h</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mo>⋮<!-- ⋮ --></mo>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<msub>
<mi>b</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mtd>
</mtr>
</mtable>
<mo>]</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\begin{bmatrix}\mu _{0}&amp;\lambda _{0}&amp;&amp;&amp;&amp;\\{\frac {h_{0}}{6}}&amp;{\frac {h_{0}+h_{1}}{3}}&amp;{\frac {h_{1}}{6}}&amp;&amp;&amp;\\&amp;\ddots &amp;\ddots &amp;\ddots &amp;&amp;\\&amp;&amp;{\frac {h_{i-1}}{6}}&amp;{\frac {h_{i-1}+h_{i}}{3}}&amp;{\frac {h_{i}}{6}}&amp;\\&amp;&amp;&amp;\ddots &amp;\ddots &amp;\ddots \\&amp;&amp;&amp;&amp;\lambda _{n}&amp;\mu _{n}\end{bmatrix}}\cdot {\begin{bmatrix}M_{0}\\M_{1}\\\vdots \\M_{i}\\\vdots \\M_{n}\end{bmatrix}}={\begin{bmatrix}b_{0}\\{\frac {y_{2}-y_{1}}{h_{1}}}-{\frac {y_{1}-y_{0}}{h_{0}}}\\\vdots \\{\frac {y_{i+1}-y_{i}}{h_{i}}}-{\frac {y_{i}-y_{i-1}}{h_{i-1}}}\\\vdots \\b_{n}\end{bmatrix}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/dd357615b5f62ef503dbd79e9f864c1c933f637b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -12.005ex; width:72.942ex; height:25.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\begin{bmatrix}\mu _{0}&amp;\lambda _{0}&amp;&amp;&amp;&amp;\\{\frac {h_{0}}{6}}&amp;{\frac {h_{0}+h_{1}}{3}}&amp;{\frac {h_{1}}{6}}&amp;&amp;&amp;\\&amp;\ddots &amp;\ddots &amp;\ddots &amp;&amp;\\&amp;&amp;{\frac {h_{i-1}}{6}}&amp;{\frac {h_{i-1}+h_{i}}{3}}&amp;{\frac {h_{i}}{6}}&amp;\\&amp;&amp;&amp;\ddots &amp;\ddots &amp;\ddots \\&amp;&amp;&amp;&amp;\lambda _{n}&amp;\mu _{n}\end{bmatrix}}\cdot {\begin{bmatrix}M_{0}\\M_{1}\\\vdots \\M_{i}\\\vdots \\M_{n}\end{bmatrix}}={\begin{bmatrix}b_{0}\\{\frac {y_{2}-y_{1}}{h_{1}}}-{\frac {y_{1}-y_{0}}{h_{0}}}\\\vdots \\{\frac {y_{i+1}-y_{i}}{h_{i}}}-{\frac {y_{i}-y_{i-1}}{h_{i-1}}}\\\vdots \\b_{n}\end{bmatrix}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Die Werte für die <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \lambda _{i},\mu _{i},b_{i}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>μ<!-- μ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>b</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \lambda _{i},\mu _{i},b_{i}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/0e4f7f270bac4a07ff91235b1eb6658d94f92b16.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:8.221ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \lambda _{i},\mu _{i},b_{i}}" loading="lazy"></span> hängen von den Randbedingungen ab.
</p><p>Zur Lösung kann hier auf den komplizierten <a href="Gau%C3%9Fsches_Eliminationsverfahren" title="Gaußsches Eliminationsverfahren">Gauss-Algorithmus</a> verzichtet werden und z.&nbsp;B. ein einfacher Vorwärts-Durchlauf zur Elimination der Elemente unter der Hauptdiagonalen mit anschließender Rückwärtssubstitution verwendet werden (<a href="Thomas-Algorithmus" title="Thomas-Algorithmus">Thomas-Algorithmus</a>).
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Randbedingungen">Randbedingungen</h4></div>
<p>Prinzipiell gibt es ein Interpolationsintervall weniger als Stützstellen (<a href="Zaunpfahlfehler" title="Zaunpfahlfehler">Zaunpfahlproblem</a>). Das heißt, dass zwei Gleichungen zur Bestimmung aller Koeffizienten fehlen. Diese ergeben sich aus den Randbedingungen. Typische Randbedingungen sind:
</p>
<ul><li><b>Natürliche Randbedingungen</b> (auch freier Rand)</li></ul>
<dl><dd><i>Bedingung:</i> <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle s_{0}''(x_{0})=0}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msubsup>
<mi>s</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
<mo>″</mo>
</msubsup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle s_{0}''(x_{0})=0}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/7d06a506b56c339a7e8b973dd9b2455fa51b7fe4.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:10.682ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle s_{0}''(x_{0})=0}" loading="lazy"></span>, <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle s_{n-1}''(x_{n})=0}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msubsup>
<mi>s</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
<mo>″</mo>
</msubsup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle s_{n-1}''(x_{n})=0}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/112c962cc372eadb3da52808089cf5cee99abfb3.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.171ex; width:13.028ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle s_{n-1}''(x_{n})=0}" loading="lazy"></span></dd>
<dd><i>Bedeutung:</i> Der Spline schließt mit Wendepunkten ab.</dd>
<dd><i>Berechnung:</i> <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \lambda _{0}=\lambda _{n}=b_{0}=b_{n}=0}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mi>b</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mi>b</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \lambda _{0}=\lambda _{n}=b_{0}=b_{n}=0}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/024c2984733f6047ead9253c0e090db4f7cbd590.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:22.807ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \lambda _{0}=\lambda _{n}=b_{0}=b_{n}=0}" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mu _{0}=\mu _{n}=1}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>μ<!-- μ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mi>μ<!-- μ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mu _{0}=\mu _{n}=1}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c78d57568dfc6437f28f6da082832fb831c656dd.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:12.435ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mu _{0}=\mu _{n}=1}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<ul><li><b>Hermite Randbedingungen</b> (auch eingespannter Rand)</li></ul>
<dl><dd><i>Bedingung:</i> <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle s_{0}'(x_{0})=f'(a)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msubsup>
<mi>s</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
<mo>′</mo>
</msubsup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<msup>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo>′</mo>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle s_{0}'(x_{0})=f'(a)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/025e52388eaad0e57f7e38b5df00609982f545e5.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:14.481ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle s_{0}'(x_{0})=f'(a)}" loading="lazy"></span>, <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle s_{n-1}'(x_{n})=f'(b)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msubsup>
<mi>s</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
<mo>′</mo>
</msubsup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<msup>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo>′</mo>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle s_{n-1}'(x_{n})=f'(b)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/e61e12affcc9cc9cb2fe601e57f4a7682f281141.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.171ex; width:16.677ex; height:3.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle s_{n-1}'(x_{n})=f'(b)}" loading="lazy"></span></dd>
<dd><i>Bedeutung:</i> <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f'(a)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo>′</mo>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f'(a)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/d98c61769b4906b6c0bd72f9de874410c7bf0d3f.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:5.044ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f'(a)}" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f'(b)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo>′</mo>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f'(b)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/e8e5f902bc451ec76412ad271e4892d4c4edade5.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:4.812ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f'(b)}" loading="lazy"></span> sind vorgegeben, normalerweise entweder durch die Ableitung einer zu interpolierenden Funktion <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>f</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/132e57acb643253e7810ee9702d9581f159a1c61.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.279ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f}" loading="lazy"></span> oder durch eine Approximation derselben.</dd>
<dd><i>Berechnung:</i>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\begin{matrix}\lambda _{0}={\frac {h_{0}}{6}},&amp;\mu _{0}={\frac {h_{0}}{3}},&amp;b_{0}={\frac {y_{1}-y_{0}}{h_{0}}}-f'(a)\\\lambda _{n}={\frac {h_{n-1}}{6}},&amp;\mu _{n}={\frac {h_{n-1}}{3}},&amp;b_{n}=-{\frac {y_{n}-y_{n-1}}{h_{n-1}}}+f'(b)\end{matrix}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em">
<mtr>
<mtd>
<msub>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<msub>
<mi>h</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mn>6</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>,</mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<msub>
<mi>μ<!-- μ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<msub>
<mi>h</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mn>3</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>,</mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<msub>
<mi>b</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>y</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>y</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
<msub>
<mi>h</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo>′</mo>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<msub>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<msub>
<mi>h</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mn>6</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>,</mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<msub>
<mi>μ<!-- μ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<msub>
<mi>h</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mn>3</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>,</mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<msub>
<mi>b</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>y</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>y</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
<msub>
<mi>h</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<msup>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo>′</mo>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mtd>
</mtr>
</mtable>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\begin{matrix}\lambda _{0}={\frac {h_{0}}{6}},&amp;\mu _{0}={\frac {h_{0}}{3}},&amp;b_{0}={\frac {y_{1}-y_{0}}{h_{0}}}-f'(a)\\\lambda _{n}={\frac {h_{n-1}}{6}},&amp;\mu _{n}={\frac {h_{n-1}}{3}},&amp;b_{n}=-{\frac {y_{n}-y_{n-1}}{h_{n-1}}}+f'(b)\end{matrix}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/433344dde4e9b1755d3c25b346ca76e8b24e9b74.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -4.171ex; width:49.123ex; height:9.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\begin{matrix}\lambda _{0}={\frac {h_{0}}{6}},&amp;\mu _{0}={\frac {h_{0}}{3}},&amp;b_{0}={\frac {y_{1}-y_{0}}{h_{0}}}-f'(a)\\\lambda _{n}={\frac {h_{n-1}}{6}},&amp;\mu _{n}={\frac {h_{n-1}}{3}},&amp;b_{n}=-{\frac {y_{n}-y_{n-1}}{h_{n-1}}}+f'(b)\end{matrix}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl></dd></dl>
<ul><li><b>periodische Randbedingungen</b></li></ul>
<dl><dd><i>Bedingung:</i> Intervall <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle [x_{0},x_{n+1}]}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">]</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle [x_{0},x_{n+1}]}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/32a24f5f02cd47e4ba3abc6dffd96b4ba951e8d3.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:9.36ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle [x_{0},x_{n+1}]}" loading="lazy"></span>, <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle y_{0}=:y_{n+1}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>y</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=:</mo>
<msub>
<mi>y</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle y_{0}=:y_{n+1}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/7802e5950a4484eb5ff006e1f074486ed4e8a607.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:10.397ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle y_{0}=:y_{n+1}}" loading="lazy"></span>, <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle s_{0}'(x_{0})=:s_{n}'(x_{n+1})}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msubsup>
<mi>s</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
<mo>′</mo>
</msubsup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=:</mo>
<msubsup>
<mi>s</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
<mo>′</mo>
</msubsup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle s_{0}'(x_{0})=:s_{n}'(x_{n+1})}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/796ac8d7e4b4e99673f7f4516d904205622559bd.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:18.85ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle s_{0}'(x_{0})=:s_{n}'(x_{n+1})}" loading="lazy"></span>, <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle s_{0}''(x_{0})=:s_{n}''(x_{n+1})}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msubsup>
<mi>s</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
<mo>″</mo>
</msubsup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=:</mo>
<msubsup>
<mi>s</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
<mo>″</mo>
</msubsup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle s_{0}''(x_{0})=:s_{n}''(x_{n+1})}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c6d86c6cb3c3298c02faede7270612a317d828ac.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:18.933ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle s_{0}''(x_{0})=:s_{n}''(x_{n+1})}" loading="lazy"></span></dd>
<dd><i>Bedeutung:</i> Nullte, erste und zweite Ableitung von <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle S}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>S</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle S}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/4611d85173cd3b508e67077d4a1252c9c05abca2.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.499ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle S}" loading="lazy"></span> am Anfang und am Ende des Intervalls sind gleich.</dd>
<dd><i>Berechnung:</i> Es wird eine zusätzliche Stützstelle <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x_{n+1}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x_{n+1}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/6e76103271a353337f6b3c697209cb19359807df.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:4.649ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x_{n+1}}" loading="lazy"></span> eingeführt, welche das Intervall begrenzt. Die Anzahl der Gleichungen zur Berechnung der Momente und die Größe der Matrix bleibt jedoch gleich, da <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle M_{n+1}:=M_{0}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>M</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>:=</mo>
<msub>
<mi>M</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle M_{n+1}:=M_{0}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/9191d70ca4623be42b409c2939a20c25717541ef.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:12.627ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle M_{n+1}:=M_{0}}" loading="lazy"></span> bereits gegeben ist, damit die zweiten Ableitungen übereinstimmen. Für die erste und letzte Zeile der Matrix gilt:
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\begin{matrix}\mu _{0}={\frac {h_{n}+h_{0}}{3}},&amp;\lambda _{0}={\frac {h_{0}}{6}},&amp;b_{0}={\frac {y_{1}-y_{0}}{h_{0}}}-{\frac {y_{0}-y_{n}}{h_{n}}}\\\mu _{n}={\frac {h_{n-1}+h_{n}}{3}},&amp;\lambda _{n}={\frac {h_{n-1}}{6}},&amp;b_{n}={\frac {y_{0}-y_{n}}{h_{n}}}-{\frac {y_{n}-y_{n-1}}{h_{n-1}}}\end{matrix}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em">
<mtr>
<mtd>
<msub>
<mi>μ<!-- μ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>h</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>+</mo>
<msub>
<mi>h</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
<mn>3</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>,</mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<msub>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<msub>
<mi>h</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mn>6</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>,</mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<msub>
<mi>b</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>y</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>y</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
<msub>
<mi>h</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>y</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>y</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
<msub>
<mi>h</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<msub>
<mi>μ<!-- μ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>h</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>+</mo>
<msub>
<mi>h</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
<mn>3</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>,</mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<msub>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<msub>
<mi>h</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mn>6</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>,</mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<msub>
<mi>b</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>y</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>y</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
<msub>
<mi>h</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>y</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>y</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
<msub>
<mi>h</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</mtd>
</mtr>
</mtable>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\begin{matrix}\mu _{0}={\frac {h_{n}+h_{0}}{3}},&amp;\lambda _{0}={\frac {h_{0}}{6}},&amp;b_{0}={\frac {y_{1}-y_{0}}{h_{0}}}-{\frac {y_{0}-y_{n}}{h_{n}}}\\\mu _{n}={\frac {h_{n-1}+h_{n}}{3}},&amp;\lambda _{n}={\frac {h_{n-1}}{6}},&amp;b_{n}={\frac {y_{0}-y_{n}}{h_{n}}}-{\frac {y_{n}-y_{n-1}}{h_{n-1}}}\end{matrix}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/6c9f0ff2c2f9b87e6f468fbfb7315e511f6b22bf.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -4.171ex; width:51.216ex; height:9.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\begin{matrix}\mu _{0}={\frac {h_{n}+h_{0}}{3}},&amp;\lambda _{0}={\frac {h_{0}}{6}},&amp;b_{0}={\frac {y_{1}-y_{0}}{h_{0}}}-{\frac {y_{0}-y_{n}}{h_{n}}}\\\mu _{n}={\frac {h_{n-1}+h_{n}}{3}},&amp;\lambda _{n}={\frac {h_{n-1}}{6}},&amp;b_{n}={\frac {y_{0}-y_{n}}{h_{n}}}-{\frac {y_{n}-y_{n-1}}{h_{n-1}}}\end{matrix}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl></dd>
<dd>Außerdem sind die Ecken der Matrix abseits der Hauptdiagonalen hier nicht Null:
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle m_{0,n}=m_{n,0}={\frac {h_{n}}{6}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>m</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mi>m</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<msub>
<mi>h</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mn>6</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle m_{0,n}=m_{n,0}={\frac {h_{n}}{6}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/62ae5e761ca583d7b6d1e23f8497cd9245797dfa.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:18.667ex; height:5.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle m_{0,n}=m_{n,0}={\frac {h_{n}}{6}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl></dd>
<dd>Die Lösung dieses Systems ist daher komplizierter. Im Falle äquidistanter Stützstellen lässt sich für diesen Fall eine <a href="Thomas-Algorithmus#Varianten" title="Thomas-Algorithmus">Transformation</a> anwenden.</dd></dl>
<ul><li><b>not-a-knot Randbedingungen</b></li></ul>
<dl><dd><i>Bedingung:</i> <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle s_{0}'''(x_{1})=s_{1}'''(x_{1})}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msubsup>
<mi>s</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
<mo>‴</mo>
</msubsup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<msubsup>
<mi>s</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
<mo>‴</mo>
</msubsup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle s_{0}'''(x_{1})=s_{1}'''(x_{1})}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b9fa8c4a1d215dc483db689bc9b1b470ec31a095.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:16.845ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle s_{0}'''(x_{1})=s_{1}'''(x_{1})}" loading="lazy"></span>, <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle s_{n-2}'''(x_{n-1})=s_{n-1}'''(x_{n-1})}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msubsup>
<mi>s</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
<mo>‴</mo>
</msubsup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<msubsup>
<mi>s</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
<mo>‴</mo>
</msubsup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle s_{n-2}'''(x_{n-1})=s_{n-1}'''(x_{n-1})}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/329ff09edb7fe1b1a9f5465902dbc317787e91df.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.171ex; width:24.833ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle s_{n-2}'''(x_{n-1})=s_{n-1}'''(x_{n-1})}" loading="lazy"></span></dd>
<dd><i>Bedeutung:</i> Die äußeren drei Punkte werden je durch ein gemeinsames Polynom interpoliert, was zum Beispiel durch Gleichsetzen der dritten Ableitungen erfolgen kann. Für Splines bis einschließlich vier Stützstellen geht der not-a-knot Spline daher in ein gewöhnliches <a href="Polynominterpolation" title="Polynominterpolation">Interpolationspolynom</a> über. Verwendet wird der not-a-knot-Spline zum Beispiel vom Programm <a href="Matlab" title="Matlab">Matlab</a>.</dd>
<dd><i>Berechnung:</i> Es gelte <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle n>4}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>&gt;</mo>
<mn>4</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle n&gt;4}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/3c6b13dc8b113121cdaf76a723a61aa4f8be1468.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:5.656ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle n>4}" loading="lazy"></span>. Für die Vorwärtssubstitution wird zunächst die <a href="Randbedingung" title="Randbedingung">Randbedingung</a> an <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x_{0}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x_{0}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/86f21d0e31751534cd6584264ecf864a6aa792cf.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.384ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x_{0}}" loading="lazy"></span> betrachtet. Hierfür können folgende Werte verwendet werden:
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\begin{matrix}\mu _{0}=1,&amp;\lambda _{0}={\frac {h_{1}+2\cdot h_{0}}{h_{1}-h_{0}}},&amp;b_{0}={\frac {-6\cdot h_{0}}{h_{1}^{2}-h_{0}^{2}}}\cdot \left({\frac {y_{2}-y_{1}}{h_{1}}}-{\frac {y_{1}-y_{0}}{h_{0}}}\right).\end{matrix}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em">
<mtr>
<mtd>
<msub>
<mi>μ<!-- μ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>,</mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<msub>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>h</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>h</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>h</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>h</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>,</mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<msub>
<mi>b</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>6</mn>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>h</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<msubsup>
<mi>h</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msubsup>
<mi>h</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>y</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>y</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
<msub>
<mi>h</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>y</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>y</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
<msub>
<mi>h</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>.</mo>
</mtd>
</mtr>
</mtable>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\begin{matrix}\mu _{0}=1,&amp;\lambda _{0}={\frac {h_{1}+2\cdot h_{0}}{h_{1}-h_{0}}},&amp;b_{0}={\frac {-6\cdot h_{0}}{h_{1}^{2}-h_{0}^{2}}}\cdot \left({\frac {y_{2}-y_{1}}{h_{1}}}-{\frac {y_{1}-y_{0}}{h_{0}}}\right).\end{matrix}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/91ce3a4e8eb418dc74c3020c417cf19f86bd1ea0.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.744ex; margin-bottom: -0.26ex; width:55.794ex; height:5.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\begin{matrix}\mu _{0}=1,&amp;\lambda _{0}={\frac {h_{1}+2\cdot h_{0}}{h_{1}-h_{0}}},&amp;b_{0}={\frac {-6\cdot h_{0}}{h_{1}^{2}-h_{0}^{2}}}\cdot \left({\frac {y_{2}-y_{1}}{h_{1}}}-{\frac {y_{1}-y_{0}}{h_{0}}}\right).\end{matrix}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl></dd>
<dd>Falls <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle h_{1}=h_{0}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>h</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mi>h</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle h_{1}=h_{0}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/1f17d7e552289e285f56b77b1aa64e25cfbd10bd.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:7.885ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle h_{1}=h_{0}}" loading="lazy"></span> entsteht hier eine Division durch Null und es muss eine Grenzwertbildung bis in die dritte Zeile der Matrix (Null ist hier der Index der ersten Zeile/Spalte) erfolgen:
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\begin{matrix}m_{2,1}=0,&amp;m_{2,2}={\frac {h_{1}+h_{2}}{3}},&amp;m_{2,3}={\frac {h_{2}}{6}},&amp;b_{2}={\frac {y_{3}-y_{2}}{h_{2}}}-{\frac {y_{2}-y_{1}}{h_{1}}}-{\frac {y_{2}-2\cdot y_{1}+y_{0}}{6\cdot h_{0}}}.\end{matrix}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em">
<mtr>
<mtd>
<msub>
<mi>m</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
<mo>,</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
<mo>,</mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<msub>
<mi>m</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
<mo>,</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>h</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>+</mo>
<msub>
<mi>h</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
<mn>3</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>,</mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<msub>
<mi>m</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
<mo>,</mo>
<mn>3</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<msub>
<mi>h</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mn>6</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>,</mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<msub>
<mi>b</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>y</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>3</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>y</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
<msub>
<mi>h</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>y</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>y</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
<msub>
<mi>h</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>y</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>y</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>+</mo>
<msub>
<mi>y</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mn>6</mn>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>h</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>.</mo>
</mtd>
</mtr>
</mtable>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\begin{matrix}m_{2,1}=0,&amp;m_{2,2}={\frac {h_{1}+h_{2}}{3}},&amp;m_{2,3}={\frac {h_{2}}{6}},&amp;b_{2}={\frac {y_{3}-y_{2}}{h_{2}}}-{\frac {y_{2}-y_{1}}{h_{1}}}-{\frac {y_{2}-2\cdot y_{1}+y_{0}}{6\cdot h_{0}}}.\end{matrix}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/2812980871b40084dcdd0fef8dac41651a12048e.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.671ex; width:73.365ex; height:4.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\begin{matrix}m_{2,1}=0,&amp;m_{2,2}={\frac {h_{1}+h_{2}}{3}},&amp;m_{2,3}={\frac {h_{2}}{6}},&amp;b_{2}={\frac {y_{3}-y_{2}}{h_{2}}}-{\frac {y_{2}-y_{1}}{h_{1}}}-{\frac {y_{2}-2\cdot y_{1}+y_{0}}{6\cdot h_{0}}}.\end{matrix}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl></dd>
<dd>Gelöst wird nun lediglich die <a href="Untermatrix" title="Untermatrix">Untermatrix</a> beginnend bei <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle m_{2,2}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>m</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
<mo>,</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle m_{2,2}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/2b2f1a1c8797ccef0ab3127e83b231d7ac45326f.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:4.374ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle m_{2,2}}" loading="lazy"></span> und das Randpolynom <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle p=s_{0}=s_{1}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>p</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mi>s</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mi>s</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle p=s_{0}=s_{1}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/10116db88c2a1664737f310a5f9a07d0979a96bf.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; margin-left: -0.089ex; width:11.745ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle p=s_{0}=s_{1}}" loading="lazy"></span> auf dem Intervall <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle [x_{0},x_{2})}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle [x_{0},x_{2})}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/9d0785544b1a16fb914c2733d2f3e137b7d69836.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:7.353ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle [x_{0},x_{2})}" loading="lazy"></span> wird durch eine zusätzliche Polynominterpolation bestimmt, sodass <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle p(x_{1})=y_{1}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>p</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mi>y</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle p(x_{1})=y_{1}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/9d29f92955fcc6e99127bb8c731349a0be997a4b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; margin-left: -0.089ex; width:10.744ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle p(x_{1})=y_{1}}" loading="lazy"></span>, <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle p(x_{2})=y_{2}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>p</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mi>y</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle p(x_{2})=y_{2}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/9c633b4605de4746974f75f62481dbd118ba0c0b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; margin-left: -0.089ex; width:10.744ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle p(x_{2})=y_{2}}" loading="lazy"></span>, <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle p'(x_{2})=s'_{2}(x_{2})}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>p</mi>
<mo>′</mo>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<msubsup>
<mi>s</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
<mo>′</mo>
</msubsup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle p'(x_{2})=s'_{2}(x_{2})}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/ae29db7bfadae2e4901561e5bcf1b7c6f1f75935.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; margin-left: -0.089ex; width:15.573ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle p'(x_{2})=s'_{2}(x_{2})}" loading="lazy"></span>, <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle p''(x_{2})=s''_{2}(x_{2})}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>p</mi>
<mo>″</mo>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<msubsup>
<mi>s</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
<mo>″</mo>
</msubsup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle p''(x_{2})=s''_{2}(x_{2})}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/6b238c7b56c9964a3b44b769b63713fc5d373a04.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; margin-left: -0.089ex; width:16.109ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle p''(x_{2})=s''_{2}(x_{2})}" loading="lazy"></span>. <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle p(x_{0})=y_{0}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>p</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mi>y</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle p(x_{0})=y_{0}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c2cb2704508dacbd14340d1ecb78c30dfb5d664f.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; margin-left: -0.089ex; width:10.744ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle p(x_{0})=y_{0}}" loading="lazy"></span> ist dadurch bereits erfüllt.</dd>
<dd>Nach dem Vorwärtsdurchlauf zur Elimination der Elemente unter der Diagonalen wird nun die Randbedingung an <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x_{n}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x_{n}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/7c5ea190699149306d242b70439e663559e3ffbe.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.548ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x_{n}}" loading="lazy"></span> betrachtet:
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\begin{matrix}\mu _{n}=1,&amp;\lambda _{n}=0,&amp;b_{n}={\frac {(b_{n-1}\cdot m_{n-2,n-1}-b_{n-2}\cdot m_{n-1,n-1}+b_{n-1}\cdot m_{n-2,n-2})\cdot h_{n-1}+b_{n-1}\cdot m_{n-2,n-2}\cdot h_{n-2}}{(m_{n-2,n-1}+m_{n-2,n-2})\cdot m_{n-1,n}\cdot h_{n-1}+(m_{n-2,n-2}\cdot m_{n-1,n}+m_{n-2,n-2}\cdot m_{n-1,n-1})\cdot h_{n-2}}}.\end{matrix}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em">
<mtr>
<mtd>
<msub>
<mi>μ<!-- μ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>,</mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<msub>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
<mo>,</mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<msub>
<mi>b</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>b</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>m</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>b</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>m</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>+</mo>
<msub>
<mi>b</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>m</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>h</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>+</mo>
<msub>
<mi>b</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>m</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>h</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>m</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>+</mo>
<msub>
<mi>m</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>m</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>h</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>+</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>m</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>m</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>+</mo>
<msub>
<mi>m</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>m</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>h</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>.</mo>
</mtd>
</mtr>
</mtable>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\begin{matrix}\mu _{n}=1,&amp;\lambda _{n}=0,&amp;b_{n}={\frac {(b_{n-1}\cdot m_{n-2,n-1}-b_{n-2}\cdot m_{n-1,n-1}+b_{n-1}\cdot m_{n-2,n-2})\cdot h_{n-1}+b_{n-1}\cdot m_{n-2,n-2}\cdot h_{n-2}}{(m_{n-2,n-1}+m_{n-2,n-2})\cdot m_{n-1,n}\cdot h_{n-1}+(m_{n-2,n-2}\cdot m_{n-1,n}+m_{n-2,n-2}\cdot m_{n-1,n-1})\cdot h_{n-2}}}.\end{matrix}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/8c1fff3cbda9c8e253f2cbdeaa6e6407d28d9176.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:88.641ex; height:5.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\begin{matrix}\mu _{n}=1,&amp;\lambda _{n}=0,&amp;b_{n}={\frac {(b_{n-1}\cdot m_{n-2,n-1}-b_{n-2}\cdot m_{n-1,n-1}+b_{n-1}\cdot m_{n-2,n-2})\cdot h_{n-1}+b_{n-1}\cdot m_{n-2,n-2}\cdot h_{n-2}}{(m_{n-2,n-1}+m_{n-2,n-2})\cdot m_{n-1,n}\cdot h_{n-1}+(m_{n-2,n-2}\cdot m_{n-1,n}+m_{n-2,n-2}\cdot m_{n-1,n-1})\cdot h_{n-2}}}.\end{matrix}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl></dd></dl>
<p>Weitere Randbedingungen sind gebräuchlich, wie etwa integrale Randbedingungen<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> oder die im Folgenden vorgestellte, symmetrische Verlängerung.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Optimierung_des_Rechenaufwands">Optimierung des Rechenaufwands</h4></div>
<p>Bei äquidistanten Stützstellen mit konstantem Abstand <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle h}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>h</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle h}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b26be3e694314bc90c3215047e4a2010c6ee184a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.339ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle h}" loading="lazy"></span> vereinfacht sich das Gleichungssystem zu
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle M_{i-1}+4\cdot M_{i}+M_{i+1}=6{\frac {y_{i+1}-2\cdot y_{i}+y_{i-1}}{h^{2}}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>M</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>4</mn>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>M</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>+</mo>
<msub>
<mi>M</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>6</mn>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>y</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>y</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>+</mo>
<msub>
<mi>y</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
<msup>
<mi>h</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle M_{i-1}+4\cdot M_{i}+M_{i+1}=6{\frac {y_{i+1}-2\cdot y_{i}+y_{i-1}}{h^{2}}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/dc11bb622f152fd75216d42e689c3d6ab4c5ea1f.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.171ex; width:45.522ex; height:5.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle M_{i-1}+4\cdot M_{i}+M_{i+1}=6{\frac {y_{i+1}-2\cdot y_{i}+y_{i-1}}{h^{2}}}}" loading="lazy"></span> für <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle i=1,\dots ,n-1}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle i=1,\dots ,n-1}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/32c342c71c0fe82529c2735fcdef589bae16da1b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:15.639ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle i=1,\dots ,n-1}" loading="lazy"></span>.</dd></dl>
<p>Mit der symmetrischen Verlängerung <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mu _{0}=\mu _{n}=4}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>μ<!-- μ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mi>μ<!-- μ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>4</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mu _{0}=\mu _{n}=4}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f43dba8f3dd830a664a5f99414e04fee35c36349.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:12.435ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mu _{0}=\mu _{n}=4}" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \lambda _{0}=\lambda _{n}=1}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \lambda _{0}=\lambda _{n}=1}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/4c31a7d2928c28e5dd1f974e6bc47e7fd90f6f64.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:12.343ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \lambda _{0}=\lambda _{n}=1}" loading="lazy"></span> entsteht daraus eine sogenannte <a href="Tridiagonal-Toeplitz-Matrix" title="Tridiagonal-Toeplitz-Matrix">Tridiagonal-Toeplitz-Matrix</a>, welche besonders effizient, auch parallel gelöst werden kann.
Für die rechte Seite kann hier <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle b_{0}={\tfrac {y_{1}}{2\cdot h}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>b</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0">
<mfrac>
<msub>
<mi>y</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mi>h</mi>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle b_{0}={\tfrac {y_{1}}{2\cdot h}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/5ad1050c88d325991569833e2abeda1fb40e70c1.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.338ex; width:8.213ex; height:3.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle b_{0}={\tfrac {y_{1}}{2\cdot h}}}" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle b_{n}=-{\tfrac {y_{n-1}}{2\cdot h}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>b</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0">
<mfrac>
<msub>
<mi>y</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mi>h</mi>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle b_{n}=-{\tfrac {y_{n-1}}{2\cdot h}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f8b19ae40e644d0755fcda65799f3a48d34d6be6.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.338ex; width:11.435ex; height:3.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle b_{n}=-{\tfrac {y_{n-1}}{2\cdot h}}}" loading="lazy"></span> angesetzt werden. Mit <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle A={\tfrac {6}{h}}\cdot M}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>A</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0">
<mfrac>
<mn>6</mn>
<mi>h</mi>
</mfrac>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mi>M</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle A={\tfrac {6}{h}}\cdot M}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/e200902a2fea317c1f209babde41c4cf6ee7637c.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.338ex; width:10.746ex; height:3.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle A={\tfrac {6}{h}}\cdot M}" loading="lazy"></span> lässt sich schreiben:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle A:={\begin{bmatrix}4&amp;1&amp;0&amp;\cdots &amp;0&amp;0&amp;0\\1&amp;4&amp;1&amp;\cdots &amp;0&amp;0&amp;0\\0&amp;1&amp;4&amp;\cdots &amp;0&amp;0&amp;0\\\vdots &amp;\vdots &amp;\vdots &amp;\ddots &amp;\vdots &amp;\vdots &amp;\vdots \\0&amp;0&amp;0&amp;\cdots &amp;4&amp;1&amp;0\\0&amp;0&amp;0&amp;\cdots &amp;1&amp;4&amp;1\\0&amp;0&amp;0&amp;\cdots &amp;0&amp;1&amp;4\\\end{bmatrix}}\in \mathbb {R} ^{(n+1)\times (n+1)}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>A</mi>
<mo>:=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow>
<mo>[</mo>
<mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em">
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mn>4</mn>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mn>1</mn>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mn>0</mn>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mo>⋯<!-- ⋯ --></mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mn>0</mn>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mn>0</mn>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mn>0</mn>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mn>1</mn>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mn>4</mn>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mn>1</mn>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mo>⋯<!-- ⋯ --></mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mn>0</mn>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mn>0</mn>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mn>0</mn>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mn>0</mn>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mn>1</mn>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mn>4</mn>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mo>⋯<!-- ⋯ --></mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mn>0</mn>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mn>0</mn>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mn>0</mn>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mo>⋮<!-- ⋮ --></mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mo>⋮<!-- ⋮ --></mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mo>⋮<!-- ⋮ --></mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mo>⋱<!-- ⋱ --></mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mo>⋮<!-- ⋮ --></mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mo>⋮<!-- ⋮ --></mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mo>⋮<!-- ⋮ --></mo>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mn>0</mn>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mn>0</mn>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mn>0</mn>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mo>⋯<!-- ⋯ --></mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mn>4</mn>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mn>1</mn>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mn>0</mn>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mn>0</mn>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mn>0</mn>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mn>0</mn>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mo>⋯<!-- ⋯ --></mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mn>1</mn>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mn>4</mn>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mn>1</mn>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mn>0</mn>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mn>0</mn>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mn>0</mn>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mo>⋯<!-- ⋯ --></mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mn>0</mn>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mn>1</mn>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mn>4</mn>
</mtd>
</mtr>
</mtable>
<mo>]</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>×<!-- × --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle A:={\begin{bmatrix}4&amp;1&amp;0&amp;\cdots &amp;0&amp;0&amp;0\\1&amp;4&amp;1&amp;\cdots &amp;0&amp;0&amp;0\\0&amp;1&amp;4&amp;\cdots &amp;0&amp;0&amp;0\\\vdots &amp;\vdots &amp;\vdots &amp;\ddots &amp;\vdots &amp;\vdots &amp;\vdots \\0&amp;0&amp;0&amp;\cdots &amp;4&amp;1&amp;0\\0&amp;0&amp;0&amp;\cdots &amp;1&amp;4&amp;1\\0&amp;0&amp;0&amp;\cdots &amp;0&amp;1&amp;4\\\end{bmatrix}}\in \mathbb {R} ^{(n+1)\times (n+1)}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/e15601dd0ed07272d8407f726890900738d2f26b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -11.505ex; width:47.991ex; height:24.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle A:={\begin{bmatrix}4&amp;1&amp;0&amp;\cdots &amp;0&amp;0&amp;0\\1&amp;4&amp;1&amp;\cdots &amp;0&amp;0&amp;0\\0&amp;1&amp;4&amp;\cdots &amp;0&amp;0&amp;0\\\vdots &amp;\vdots &amp;\vdots &amp;\ddots &amp;\vdots &amp;\vdots &amp;\vdots \\0&amp;0&amp;0&amp;\cdots &amp;4&amp;1&amp;0\\0&amp;0&amp;0&amp;\cdots &amp;1&amp;4&amp;1\\0&amp;0&amp;0&amp;\cdots &amp;0&amp;1&amp;4\\\end{bmatrix}}\in \mathbb {R} ^{(n+1)\times (n+1)}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Diese hat die Inverse
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle B:=b_{n+1}^{-1}{\begin{bmatrix}b_{n}b_{0}&amp;-b_{n-1}b_{0}&amp;\cdots &amp;(-1)^{n-1}b_{1}b_{0}&amp;(-1)^{n}b_{0}b_{0}\\-b_{n-1}b_{0}&amp;b_{n-1}b_{1}&amp;\cdots &amp;(-1)^{n}b_{1}b_{1}&amp;(-1)^{n-1}b_{0}b_{1}\\\vdots &amp;\vdots &amp;\ddots &amp;\vdots &amp;\vdots \\(-1)^{n-1}b_{1}b_{0}&amp;(-1)^{n}b_{1}b_{1}&amp;\cdots &amp;b_{1}b_{n-1}&amp;-b_{0}b_{n-1}\\(-1)^{n}b_{0}b_{0}&amp;(-1)^{n-1}b_{0}b_{1}&amp;\cdots &amp;-b_{0}b_{n-1}&amp;b_{0}b_{n}\\\end{bmatrix}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>B</mi>
<mo>:=</mo>
<msubsup>
<mi>b</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow>
<mo>[</mo>
<mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em">
<mtr>
<mtd>
<msub>
<mi>b</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<msub>
<mi>b</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>b</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<msub>
<mi>b</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mo>⋯<!-- ⋯ --></mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<msup>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<msub>
<mi>b</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<msub>
<mi>b</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<msup>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<msub>
<mi>b</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<msub>
<mi>b</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>b</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<msub>
<mi>b</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<msub>
<mi>b</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<msub>
<mi>b</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mo>⋯<!-- ⋯ --></mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<msup>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<msub>
<mi>b</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<msub>
<mi>b</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<msup>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<msub>
<mi>b</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<msub>
<mi>b</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mo>⋮<!-- ⋮ --></mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mo>⋮<!-- ⋮ --></mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mo>⋱<!-- ⋱ --></mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mo>⋮<!-- ⋮ --></mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mo>⋮<!-- ⋮ --></mo>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<msup>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<msub>
<mi>b</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<msub>
<mi>b</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<msup>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<msub>
<mi>b</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<msub>
<mi>b</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mo>⋯<!-- ⋯ --></mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<msub>
<mi>b</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<msub>
<mi>b</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>b</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<msub>
<mi>b</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<msup>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<msub>
<mi>b</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<msub>
<mi>b</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<msup>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<msub>
<mi>b</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<msub>
<mi>b</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mo>⋯<!-- ⋯ --></mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>b</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<msub>
<mi>b</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<msub>
<mi>b</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<msub>
<mi>b</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mtd>
</mtr>
</mtable>
<mo>]</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle B:=b_{n+1}^{-1}{\begin{bmatrix}b_{n}b_{0}&amp;-b_{n-1}b_{0}&amp;\cdots &amp;(-1)^{n-1}b_{1}b_{0}&amp;(-1)^{n}b_{0}b_{0}\\-b_{n-1}b_{0}&amp;b_{n-1}b_{1}&amp;\cdots &amp;(-1)^{n}b_{1}b_{1}&amp;(-1)^{n-1}b_{0}b_{1}\\\vdots &amp;\vdots &amp;\ddots &amp;\vdots &amp;\vdots \\(-1)^{n-1}b_{1}b_{0}&amp;(-1)^{n}b_{1}b_{1}&amp;\cdots &amp;b_{1}b_{n-1}&amp;-b_{0}b_{n-1}\\(-1)^{n}b_{0}b_{0}&amp;(-1)^{n-1}b_{0}b_{1}&amp;\cdots &amp;-b_{0}b_{n-1}&amp;b_{0}b_{n}\\\end{bmatrix}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/7510a827e315db3b4759c5d9b9b6386ccafb0e8e.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -8.505ex; width:74.757ex; height:18.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle B:=b_{n+1}^{-1}{\begin{bmatrix}b_{n}b_{0}&amp;-b_{n-1}b_{0}&amp;\cdots &amp;(-1)^{n-1}b_{1}b_{0}&amp;(-1)^{n}b_{0}b_{0}\\-b_{n-1}b_{0}&amp;b_{n-1}b_{1}&amp;\cdots &amp;(-1)^{n}b_{1}b_{1}&amp;(-1)^{n-1}b_{0}b_{1}\\\vdots &amp;\vdots &amp;\ddots &amp;\vdots &amp;\vdots \\(-1)^{n-1}b_{1}b_{0}&amp;(-1)^{n}b_{1}b_{1}&amp;\cdots &amp;b_{1}b_{n-1}&amp;-b_{0}b_{n-1}\\(-1)^{n}b_{0}b_{0}&amp;(-1)^{n-1}b_{0}b_{1}&amp;\cdots &amp;-b_{0}b_{n-1}&amp;b_{0}b_{n}\\\end{bmatrix}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>mit Koeffizienten <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle b_{i}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>b</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle b_{i}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/40a8c2db2990a53c683e75961826167c5adac7c3.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.797ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle b_{i}}" loading="lazy"></span>, die den Gleichungen <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle b_{0}:=1}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>b</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>:=</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle b_{0}:=1}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/ef01d08ff7e3c1321a21b10f881e5e31ae2ce10b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:6.96ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle b_{0}:=1}" loading="lazy"></span>, <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle b_{1}:=4}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>b</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>:=</mo>
<mn>4</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle b_{1}:=4}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/5c43f58656fcb8daf39f85bc770d1692063a249c.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:6.96ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle b_{1}:=4}" loading="lazy"></span>, der Rekursion <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle b_{i}:=4b_{i-1}-b_{i-2}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>b</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>:=</mo>
<mn>4</mn>
<msub>
<mi>b</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>b</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle b_{i}:=4b_{i-1}-b_{i-2}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c30166cb71ab5fddced8dc0e928da00c329cdd8d.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:17.341ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle b_{i}:=4b_{i-1}-b_{i-2}}" loading="lazy"></span> und explizit der Formel
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle b_{i}=({\sqrt {3}}(2+{\sqrt {3}})^{i+1}-{\sqrt {3}}(2-{\sqrt {3}})^{i+1})/6}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>b</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msqrt>
<mn>3</mn>
</msqrt>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<mo>+</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msqrt>
<mn>3</mn>
</msqrt>
</mrow>
<msup>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msqrt>
<mn>3</mn>
</msqrt>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msqrt>
<mn>3</mn>
</msqrt>
</mrow>
<msup>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>/</mo>
</mrow>
<mn>6</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle b_{i}=({\sqrt {3}}(2+{\sqrt {3}})^{i+1}-{\sqrt {3}}(2-{\sqrt {3}})^{i+1})/6}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c2f2851d31b1080e961b71a6584d9e4b3078444d.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:41.688ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle b_{i}=({\sqrt {3}}(2+{\sqrt {3}})^{i+1}-{\sqrt {3}}(2-{\sqrt {3}})^{i+1})/6}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>genügen.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Minimalitätseigenschaft_der_zweiten_Ableitung"><span id="Minimalit.C3.A4tseigenschaft_der_zweiten_Ableitung"></span>Minimalitätseigenschaft der zweiten Ableitung</h4></div>
<p>Unter allen zweimal stetig differenzierbaren Funktionen, die alle Stützstellen innerhalb eines Intervalls <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle [a,b]}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">]</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle [a,b]}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/9c4b788fc5c637e26ee98b45f89a5c08c85f7935.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:4.555ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle [a,b]}" loading="lazy"></span> miteinander verbinden, hat unter Verwendung natürlicher, periodischer oder Hermite-Randbedingungen der kubische Spline die geringste Krümmung: <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \int _{a}^{b}f''(x)^{2}\mathrm {d} x\geq \int _{a}^{b}S''(x)^{2}\mathrm {d} x}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msubsup>
<mo>∫<!-- ∫ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>a</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>b</mi>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<msup>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo>″</mo>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<msup>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>≥<!-- ≥ --></mo>
<msubsup>
<mo>∫<!-- ∫ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>a</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>b</mi>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<msup>
<mi>S</mi>
<mo>″</mo>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<msup>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>x</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \int _{a}^{b}f''(x)^{2}\mathrm {d} x\geq \int _{a}^{b}S''(x)^{2}\mathrm {d} x}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/d7e7b159e8ca3d3a51bd1fb3baedc3241fa561ee.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:29.424ex; height:6.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \int _{a}^{b}f''(x)^{2}\mathrm {d} x\geq \int _{a}^{b}S''(x)^{2}\mathrm {d} x}" loading="lazy"></span>, wobei <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>f</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/132e57acb643253e7810ee9702d9581f159a1c61.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.279ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f}" loading="lazy"></span> hier eine beliebige Funktion auf <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle [a,b]}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">]</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle [a,b]}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/9c4b788fc5c637e26ee98b45f89a5c08c85f7935.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:4.555ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle [a,b]}" loading="lazy"></span> aus C<sup>2</sup> ist, die alle Stützstellen schneidet. Anschaulich folgt daraus, dass ein zu volles Glas Wasser, das während einer Zugfahrt auf dem Tisch steht, „am wenigsten überschwappt“, wenn der Streckenzug der Schienenführung mithilfe kubischer Splines parametrisiert wurde.
</p><p>Diese sogenannte <i>Identität von Holladay</i> wurde im Jahr 1957 von Holladay<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> bewiesen. Sei mit <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle C^{2}([a,b])}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>C</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">]</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle C^{2}([a,b])}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/854a57dd80b4ff52442e16e17f4a7f45a2281a9d.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:9.216ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle C^{2}([a,b])}" loading="lazy"></span> der Raum der zweimal differenzierbaren Funktionen bezeichnet, für welche die nullte und erste Ableitung <a href="Absolut_stetige_Funktion" title="Absolut stetige Funktion">absolutstetig</a> sind und die zweite Ableitung in <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle L^{2}([a,b])}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>L</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">]</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle L^{2}([a,b])}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/9afbae301dd78d6739e6c45a942076bf669595e9.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:9.001ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle L^{2}([a,b])}" loading="lazy"></span> liegt. Sei nun <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle S}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>S</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle S}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/4611d85173cd3b508e67077d4a1252c9c05abca2.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.499ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle S}" loading="lazy"></span> eine interpolierende Splinefunktion zu einer beliebigen Funktion <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f\in C^{2}([a,b])}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>f</mi>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>C</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">]</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f\in C^{2}([a,b])}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/091bbfd527c5f82ec1a336d154239945837f63b1.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:13.336ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f\in C^{2}([a,b])}" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \|.\|}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">‖<!-- ‖ --></mo>
<mo>.</mo>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">‖<!-- ‖ --></mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \|.\|}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/27f41092dc6147f5bcdb20a46cf92b766f583b4e.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:3.359ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \|.\|}" loading="lazy"></span> die <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle L^{2}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>L</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle L^{2}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/ba162c66ca85776c83557af5088cc6f8584d1912.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.637ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle L^{2}}" loading="lazy"></span>-Norm, so gilt: <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \|f''-S''\|^{2}=\|f''\|^{2}-\|S''\|^{2}-2D}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">‖<!-- ‖ --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo>″</mo>
</msup>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>S</mi>
<mo>″</mo>
</msup>
<msup>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">‖<!-- ‖ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>=</mo>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">‖<!-- ‖ --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo>″</mo>
</msup>
<msup>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">‖<!-- ‖ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">‖<!-- ‖ --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>S</mi>
<mo>″</mo>
</msup>
<msup>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">‖<!-- ‖ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<mi>D</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \|f''-S''\|^{2}=\|f''\|^{2}-\|S''\|^{2}-2D}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c9a1d33c3b49c74366efb053197b0ae1f50be1e4.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:35.077ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \|f''-S''\|^{2}=\|f''\|^{2}-\|S''\|^{2}-2D}" loading="lazy"></span> mit <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle D:=\left.(f'(x)-S'(x))S''(x)\right|_{a}^{b}-\sum _{i=1}^{n}\left.(f(x)-S(x))S'''\right|_{x_{i-1}}^{x_{i}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>D</mi>
<mo>:=</mo>
<msubsup>
<mrow>
<mo fence="true" stretchy="true" symmetric="true"></mo>
<mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msup>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo>′</mo>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>S</mi>
<mo>′</mo>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<msup>
<mi>S</mi>
<mo>″</mo>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>|</mo>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>a</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>b</mi>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<munderover>
<mo>∑<!-- ∑ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</munderover>
<msubsup>
<mrow>
<mo fence="true" stretchy="true" symmetric="true"></mo>
<mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>S</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<msup>
<mi>S</mi>
<mo>‴</mo>
</msup>
</mrow>
<mo>|</mo>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle D:=\left.(f'(x)-S'(x))S''(x)\right|_{a}^{b}-\sum _{i=1}^{n}\left.(f(x)-S(x))S'''\right|_{x_{i-1}}^{x_{i}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/927cf766a74b5a13857a2021751f87f9c3da4e2e.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.005ex; width:55.904ex; height:6.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle D:=\left.(f'(x)-S'(x))S''(x)\right|_{a}^{b}-\sum _{i=1}^{n}\left.(f(x)-S(x))S'''\right|_{x_{i-1}}^{x_{i}}}" loading="lazy"></span>.
</p><p>Erfüllt die Splinefunktion die natürlichen, periodischen oder vollständigen Randbedingungen, so ist <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle D=0}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>D</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle D=0}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/d375dfda80ee8df1d1d7aa8b962114044e464305.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:6.185ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle D=0}" loading="lazy"></span>, also: <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \|f''-S''\|^{2}=\|f''\|^{2}-\|S''\|^{2}\geq 0\Rightarrow \|f''\|^{2}\geq \|S''\|^{2}.}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">‖<!-- ‖ --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo>″</mo>
</msup>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>S</mi>
<mo>″</mo>
</msup>
<msup>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">‖<!-- ‖ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>=</mo>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">‖<!-- ‖ --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo>″</mo>
</msup>
<msup>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">‖<!-- ‖ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">‖<!-- ‖ --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>S</mi>
<mo>″</mo>
</msup>
<msup>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">‖<!-- ‖ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>≥<!-- ≥ --></mo>
<mn>0</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">⇒<!-- ⇒ --></mo>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">‖<!-- ‖ --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo>″</mo>
</msup>
<msup>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">‖<!-- ‖ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>≥<!-- ≥ --></mo>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">‖<!-- ‖ --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>S</mi>
<mo>″</mo>
</msup>
<msup>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">‖<!-- ‖ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>.</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \|f''-S''\|^{2}=\|f''\|^{2}-\|S''\|^{2}\geq 0\Rightarrow \|f''\|^{2}\geq \|S''\|^{2}.}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/73079aac612f8e03594713afd565d2a913b2e1a5.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:52.645ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \|f''-S''\|^{2}=\|f''\|^{2}-\|S''\|^{2}\geq 0\Rightarrow \|f''\|^{2}\geq \|S''\|^{2}.}" loading="lazy"></span>
</p><p>Damit gilt nun: <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \|f''-S''\|^{2}=\min _{T\in C^{2}}\|f''-T''\|^{2}.}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">‖<!-- ‖ --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo>″</mo>
</msup>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>S</mi>
<mo>″</mo>
</msup>
<msup>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">‖<!-- ‖ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>=</mo>
<munder>
<mo movablelimits="true" form="prefix">min</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>T</mi>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>C</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mrow>
</munder>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">‖<!-- ‖ --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo>″</mo>
</msup>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>T</mi>
<mo>″</mo>
</msup>
<msup>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">‖<!-- ‖ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>.</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \|f''-S''\|^{2}=\min _{T\in C^{2}}\|f''-T''\|^{2}.}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/35fcf147eb93cf589e19ea36f00730b28ee21e03.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:31.359ex; height:4.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \|f''-S''\|^{2}=\min _{T\in C^{2}}\|f''-T''\|^{2}.}" loading="lazy"></span>
</p><p>Hieraus folgt auch die Eindeutigkeit der Splineinterpolation für gegebene Randbedingungen.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Insbesondere hat das lineare Gleichungssystem oben dadurch eine eindeutige Lösung.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Konvergenz">Konvergenz</h4></div>
<p>Kubische Splines und zumindest die ersten beiden Ableitungen konvergieren für <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle h:=\max _{i=0,\dots ,n-1}h_{i}\rightarrow 0}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>h</mi>
<mo>:=</mo>
<munder>
<mo movablelimits="true" form="prefix">max</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</munder>
<msub>
<mi>h</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
<mn>0</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle h:=\max _{i=0,\dots ,n-1}h_{i}\rightarrow 0}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b8fc60aa64a9bb575c01ce4f7ab381c61c2c4e2b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:20.982ex; height:4.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle h:=\max _{i=0,\dots ,n-1}h_{i}\rightarrow 0}" loading="lazy"></span>. Die Konvergenzordnung bzgl. <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle h}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>h</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle h}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b26be3e694314bc90c3215047e4a2010c6ee184a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.339ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle h}" loading="lazy"></span> hängt sowohl von der gewählten Norm, als auch der Differenzierbarkeit von <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>f</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/132e57acb643253e7810ee9702d9581f159a1c61.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.279ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f}" loading="lazy"></span> ab. Man erhält folgende Fehlerschätzungen<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}||f-s||_{L_{\infty }([a,b])}&amp;\leq {\sqrt {2}}h^{3/2}||f''||_{L_{2}([a,b])},\quad ||f-s||_{L_{2}([a,b])}&amp;\leq 2h^{2}||f''||_{L_{2}([a,b])}\\||f-s||_{L_{\infty }([a,b])}&amp;\leq {\sqrt {8}}h^{7/2}||f''''||_{L_{2}([a,b])},\quad ||f-s||_{L_{2}([a,b])}&amp;\leq 4h^{4}||f''''||_{L_{2}([a,b])}\\||f-s||_{L_{\infty }([a,b])}&amp;\leq h^{4}||f''''||_{L_{\infty }([a,b])},&amp;\\||f'-s'||_{L_{\infty }([a,b])}&amp;\leq {\sqrt {2}}h^{1/2}||f''||_{L_{2}([a,b])},\quad ||f'-s'||_{L_{2}([a,b])}&amp;\leq 2h^{2}||f''||_{L_{2}([a,b])}\\||f'-s'||_{L_{\infty }([a,b])}&amp;\leq {\sqrt {8}}h^{5/2}||f''''||_{L_{2}([a,b])},\quad ||f'-s'||_{L_{2}([a,b])}&amp;\leq 4h^{3}||f''''||_{L_{2}([a,b])}\\||f''-s''||_{L_{\infty }([a,b])}&amp;\leq {\frac {h^{2}}{2}}||f''''||_{L_{\infty }([a,b])}\\\end{aligned}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mtable columnalign="right left right left right left right left right left right left" rowspacing="3pt" columnspacing="0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em" displaystyle="true">
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
</mrow>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>s</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
</mrow>
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msub>
<mi>L</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">∞<!-- ∞ --></mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">]</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mi></mi>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msqrt>
<mn>2</mn>
</msqrt>
</mrow>
<msup>
<mi>h</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>3</mn>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>/</mo>
</mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
</mrow>
<msup>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo>″</mo>
</msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
</mrow>
<msub>
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<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msub>
<mi>L</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">]</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<mspace width="1em"></mspace>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
</mrow>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>s</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
</mrow>
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msub>
<mi>L</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
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<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
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<mo>,</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">]</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<msup>
<mi>h</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
</mrow>
<msup>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo>″</mo>
</msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
</mrow>
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msub>
<mi>L</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">]</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
</mrow>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>s</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
</mrow>
<msub>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}||f-s||_{L_{\infty }([a,b])}&amp;\leq {\sqrt {2}}h^{3/2}||f''||_{L_{2}([a,b])},\quad ||f-s||_{L_{2}([a,b])}&amp;\leq 2h^{2}||f''||_{L_{2}([a,b])}\\||f-s||_{L_{\infty }([a,b])}&amp;\leq {\sqrt {8}}h^{7/2}||f''''||_{L_{2}([a,b])},\quad ||f-s||_{L_{2}([a,b])}&amp;\leq 4h^{4}||f''''||_{L_{2}([a,b])}\\||f-s||_{L_{\infty }([a,b])}&amp;\leq h^{4}||f''''||_{L_{\infty }([a,b])},&amp;\\||f'-s'||_{L_{\infty }([a,b])}&amp;\leq {\sqrt {2}}h^{1/2}||f''||_{L_{2}([a,b])},\quad ||f'-s'||_{L_{2}([a,b])}&amp;\leq 2h^{2}||f''||_{L_{2}([a,b])}\\||f'-s'||_{L_{\infty }([a,b])}&amp;\leq {\sqrt {8}}h^{5/2}||f''''||_{L_{2}([a,b])},\quad ||f'-s'||_{L_{2}([a,b])}&amp;\leq 4h^{3}||f''''||_{L_{2}([a,b])}\\||f''-s''||_{L_{\infty }([a,b])}&amp;\leq {\frac {h^{2}}{2}}||f''''||_{L_{\infty }([a,b])}\\\end{aligned}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/57a6798c7d28331a949405a1786e548081f4445b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -12.005ex; width:82.522ex; height:25.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}||f-s||_{L_{\infty }([a,b])}&amp;\leq {\sqrt {2}}h^{3/2}||f''||_{L_{2}([a,b])},\quad ||f-s||_{L_{2}([a,b])}&amp;\leq 2h^{2}||f''||_{L_{2}([a,b])}\\||f-s||_{L_{\infty }([a,b])}&amp;\leq {\sqrt {8}}h^{7/2}||f''''||_{L_{2}([a,b])},\quad ||f-s||_{L_{2}([a,b])}&amp;\leq 4h^{4}||f''''||_{L_{2}([a,b])}\\||f-s||_{L_{\infty }([a,b])}&amp;\leq h^{4}||f''''||_{L_{\infty }([a,b])},&amp;\\||f'-s'||_{L_{\infty }([a,b])}&amp;\leq {\sqrt {2}}h^{1/2}||f''||_{L_{2}([a,b])},\quad ||f'-s'||_{L_{2}([a,b])}&amp;\leq 2h^{2}||f''||_{L_{2}([a,b])}\\||f'-s'||_{L_{\infty }([a,b])}&amp;\leq {\sqrt {8}}h^{5/2}||f''''||_{L_{2}([a,b])},\quad ||f'-s'||_{L_{2}([a,b])}&amp;\leq 4h^{3}||f''''||_{L_{2}([a,b])}\\||f''-s''||_{L_{\infty }([a,b])}&amp;\leq {\frac {h^{2}}{2}}||f''''||_{L_{\infty }([a,b])}\\\end{aligned}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>bzgl. der Normen <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle ||f||_{L_{\infty }([a,b])}=\max _{x\in [a,b]}|f(x)|}">
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<mi>L</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">∞<!-- ∞ --></mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">]</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<munder>
<mo movablelimits="true" form="prefix">max</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">]</mo>
</mrow>
</munder>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
</mrow>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle ||f||_{L_{\infty }([a,b])}=\max _{x\in [a,b]}|f(x)|}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/efa0de2055600c15fa4df49ace5ade9fbb04bd75.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:25.123ex; height:4.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle ||f||_{L_{\infty }([a,b])}=\max _{x\in [a,b]}|f(x)|}" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle ||f||_{L_{2}([a,b])}^{2}=\int _{a}^{b}f(x)^{2}\,\mathrm {d} x}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
</mrow>
<mi>f</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
</mrow>
<msubsup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msub>
<mi>L</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">]</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mo>=</mo>
<msubsup>
<mo>∫<!-- ∫ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>a</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>b</mi>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<msup>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>x</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle ||f||_{L_{2}([a,b])}^{2}=\int _{a}^{b}f(x)^{2}\,\mathrm {d} x}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/ec8b0c0d51f2228cc766e7191b6a93de48ebbe24.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:25.644ex; height:6.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle ||f||_{L_{2}([a,b])}^{2}=\int _{a}^{b}f(x)^{2}\,\mathrm {d} x}" loading="lazy"></span>. Höhere Differenzierbarkeit von <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>f</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/132e57acb643253e7810ee9702d9581f159a1c61.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.279ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f}" loading="lazy"></span> erhöht also die Konvergenzrate der Splines. Für <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f\in C^{3}([a,b])}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>f</mi>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>C</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>3</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">]</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f\in C^{3}([a,b])}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f62d3174b9f21aa097ee853579b4455dfbaa7b95.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:13.336ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f\in C^{3}([a,b])}" loading="lazy"></span> erhält man analoge Formeln.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bikubischer_C2-Spline">Bikubischer C<sup>2</sup>-Spline</h3></div>
<p>Der bikubische C<sup>2</sup>-Spline ist die Verallgemeinerung des einfachen, kubischen C<sup>2</sup>-Splines auf zwei Dimensionen, man spricht hierbei auch von multivariater Interpolation. Dafür müssen die zu interpolierenden Punkte z<sub>ij</sub> in einem rechteckigen Gitter angeordnet sein.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jede zwischen vier Punkten aufgespannte Fläche A<sub>ij</sub> wird durch ein zweidimensionales Polynom von 16 Koeffizienten charakterisiert:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle z:=A_{ij}(x,y)=\sum _{k=0}^{3}\sum _{l=0}^{3}a_{k,l}^{ij}\cdot x^{k}\cdot y^{l}={\begin{matrix}a_{0,0}^{ij}&amp;+&amp;a_{1,0}^{ij}\cdot x&amp;+&amp;a_{2,0}^{ij}\cdot x^{2}&amp;+&amp;a_{3,0}^{ij}\cdot x^{3}&amp;+\\a_{0,1}^{ij}\cdot y&amp;+&amp;a_{1,1}^{ij}\cdot x\cdot y&amp;+&amp;a_{2,1}^{ij}\cdot x^{2}\cdot y&amp;+&amp;a_{3,1}^{ij}\cdot x^{3}\cdot y&amp;+\\a_{0,2}^{ij}\cdot y^{2}&amp;+&amp;a_{1,2}^{ij}\cdot x\cdot y^{2}&amp;+&amp;a_{2,2}^{ij}\cdot x^{2}\cdot y^{2}&amp;+&amp;a_{3,2}^{ij}\cdot x^{3}\cdot y^{2}&amp;+\\a_{0,3}^{ij}\cdot y^{3}&amp;+&amp;a_{1,3}^{ij}\cdot x\cdot y^{3}&amp;+&amp;a_{2,3}^{ij}\cdot x^{2}\cdot y^{3}&amp;+&amp;a_{3,3}^{ij}\cdot x^{3}\cdot y^{3}&amp;~\end{matrix}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>z</mi>
<mo>:=</mo>
<msub>
<mi>A</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
<mi>j</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>y</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<munderover>
<mo>∑<!-- ∑ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>3</mn>
</mrow>
</munderover>
<munderover>
<mo>∑<!-- ∑ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>l</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>3</mn>
</mrow>
</munderover>
<msubsup>
<mi>a</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>l</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
<mi>j</mi>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
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<mi>y</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>l</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em">
<mtr>
<mtd>
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<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
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<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
<mi>j</mi>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mo>+</mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<msubsup>
<mi>a</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>,</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
<mi>j</mi>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mi>x</mi>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mo>+</mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<msubsup>
<mi>a</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
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<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
<mi>j</mi>
</mrow>
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<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<msup>
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<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mtd>
<mtd>
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</mtd>
<mtd>
<msubsup>
<mi>a</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>3</mn>
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<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
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<mi>i</mi>
<mi>j</mi>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>3</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mo>+</mo>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<msubsup>
<mi>a</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
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<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
<mi>j</mi>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mi>y</mi>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mo>+</mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<msubsup>
<mi>a</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
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<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
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<mi>i</mi>
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</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
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<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
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</mtd>
<mtd>
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</mtd>
<mtd>
<msubsup>
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<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
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<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
<mi>j</mi>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mi>y</mi>
</mtd>
<mtd>
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</mtd>
<mtd>
<msubsup>
<mi>a</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>3</mn>
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<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
<mi>j</mi>
</mrow>
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<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<msup>
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<mn>3</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
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</mtd>
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</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
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<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
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<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
<mi>j</mi>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>y</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mo>+</mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<msubsup>
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<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
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<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
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<mi>i</mi>
<mi>j</mi>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
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<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mtd>
<mtd>
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</mtd>
<mtd>
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<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
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<mi>j</mi>
</mrow>
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<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<msup>
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<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
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<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mo>+</mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
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<mi>a</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>3</mn>
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<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
<mi>j</mi>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<msup>
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<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>3</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>y</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mo>+</mo>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<msubsup>
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<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
<mo>,</mo>
<mn>3</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
<mi>j</mi>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>y</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>3</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mtd>
<mtd>
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<mtd>
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<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
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<mn>3</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
<mi>j</mi>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
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<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>y</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>3</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mo>+</mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<msubsup>
<mi>a</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
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<mn>3</mn>
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</mrow>
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<msup>
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<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>y</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>3</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mo>+</mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<msubsup>
<mi>a</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>3</mn>
<mo>,</mo>
<mn>3</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
<mi>j</mi>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>3</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>y</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>3</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
</mtd>
</mtr>
</mtable>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle z:=A_{ij}(x,y)=\sum _{k=0}^{3}\sum _{l=0}^{3}a_{k,l}^{ij}\cdot x^{k}\cdot y^{l}={\begin{matrix}a_{0,0}^{ij}&amp;+&amp;a_{1,0}^{ij}\cdot x&amp;+&amp;a_{2,0}^{ij}\cdot x^{2}&amp;+&amp;a_{3,0}^{ij}\cdot x^{3}&amp;+\\a_{0,1}^{ij}\cdot y&amp;+&amp;a_{1,1}^{ij}\cdot x\cdot y&amp;+&amp;a_{2,1}^{ij}\cdot x^{2}\cdot y&amp;+&amp;a_{3,1}^{ij}\cdot x^{3}\cdot y&amp;+\\a_{0,2}^{ij}\cdot y^{2}&amp;+&amp;a_{1,2}^{ij}\cdot x\cdot y^{2}&amp;+&amp;a_{2,2}^{ij}\cdot x^{2}\cdot y^{2}&amp;+&amp;a_{3,2}^{ij}\cdot x^{3}\cdot y^{2}&amp;+\\a_{0,3}^{ij}\cdot y^{3}&amp;+&amp;a_{1,3}^{ij}\cdot x\cdot y^{3}&amp;+&amp;a_{2,3}^{ij}\cdot x^{2}\cdot y^{3}&amp;+&amp;a_{3,3}^{ij}\cdot x^{3}\cdot y^{3}&amp;~\end{matrix}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/0f0fa5e5cdb8d6db2ff344a7783b01eb71d40d26.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -7.505ex; width:103.195ex; height:16.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle z:=A_{ij}(x,y)=\sum _{k=0}^{3}\sum _{l=0}^{3}a_{k,l}^{ij}\cdot x^{k}\cdot y^{l}={\begin{matrix}a_{0,0}^{ij}&amp;+&amp;a_{1,0}^{ij}\cdot x&amp;+&amp;a_{2,0}^{ij}\cdot x^{2}&amp;+&amp;a_{3,0}^{ij}\cdot x^{3}&amp;+\\a_{0,1}^{ij}\cdot y&amp;+&amp;a_{1,1}^{ij}\cdot x\cdot y&amp;+&amp;a_{2,1}^{ij}\cdot x^{2}\cdot y&amp;+&amp;a_{3,1}^{ij}\cdot x^{3}\cdot y&amp;+\\a_{0,2}^{ij}\cdot y^{2}&amp;+&amp;a_{1,2}^{ij}\cdot x\cdot y^{2}&amp;+&amp;a_{2,2}^{ij}\cdot x^{2}\cdot y^{2}&amp;+&amp;a_{3,2}^{ij}\cdot x^{3}\cdot y^{2}&amp;+\\a_{0,3}^{ij}\cdot y^{3}&amp;+&amp;a_{1,3}^{ij}\cdot x\cdot y^{3}&amp;+&amp;a_{2,3}^{ij}\cdot x^{2}\cdot y^{3}&amp;+&amp;a_{3,3}^{ij}\cdot x^{3}\cdot y^{3}&amp;~\end{matrix}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Für einen zweidimensionalen C<sup>2</sup>-Spline müssen die Koeffizienten so gewählt werden, dass die aus allen Flächen zusammengesetzte Funktion <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle S(x,y):\mathbb {R} ^{2}\rightarrow \mathbb {R} }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>S</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>y</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>:</mo>
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle S(x,y):\mathbb {R} ^{2}\rightarrow \mathbb {R} }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/fa5e9d830074ac6a619c632c51aee148de55b33d.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:16.789ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle S(x,y):\mathbb {R} ^{2}\rightarrow \mathbb {R} }" loading="lazy"></span> zweimal stetig in x- und y-Richtung differenzierbar ist. Das heißt, neben S selbst sind die folgenden Ableitungen stetig auf ganz <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathbb {R} ^{2}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathbb {R} ^{2}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/e150115ab9f63023215109595b76686a1ff890fd.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.732ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathbb {R} ^{2}}" loading="lazy"></span>:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\begin{matrix}{\frac {\partial S(x,y)}{\partial x}},&amp;{\frac {\partial S(x,y)}{\partial y}},&amp;{\frac {\partial ^{2}S(x,y)}{\partial x^{2}}},&amp;{\frac {\partial ^{2}S(x,y)}{\partial y^{2}}},&amp;{\frac {\partial ^{2}S(x,y)}{\partial x\partial y}},&amp;{\frac {\partial ^{3}S(x,y)}{\partial x^{2}\partial y}},&amp;{\frac {\partial ^{3}S(x,y)}{\partial x\partial y^{2}}},&amp;{\frac {\partial ^{4}S(x,y)}{\partial x^{2}\partial y^{2}}}\end{matrix}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em">
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mi>S</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>y</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mi>x</mi>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>,</mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mi>S</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>y</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mi>y</mi>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>,</mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mi>S</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>y</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<msup>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>,</mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mi>S</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>y</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<msup>
<mi>y</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>,</mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mi>S</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>y</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mi>x</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mi>y</mi>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>,</mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>3</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mi>S</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>y</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<msup>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mi>y</mi>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>,</mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>3</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mi>S</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>y</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mi>x</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<msup>
<mi>y</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>,</mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>4</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mi>S</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>y</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<msup>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<msup>
<mi>y</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</mtd>
</mtr>
</mtable>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\begin{matrix}{\frac {\partial S(x,y)}{\partial x}},&amp;{\frac {\partial S(x,y)}{\partial y}},&amp;{\frac {\partial ^{2}S(x,y)}{\partial x^{2}}},&amp;{\frac {\partial ^{2}S(x,y)}{\partial y^{2}}},&amp;{\frac {\partial ^{2}S(x,y)}{\partial x\partial y}},&amp;{\frac {\partial ^{3}S(x,y)}{\partial x^{2}\partial y}},&amp;{\frac {\partial ^{3}S(x,y)}{\partial x\partial y^{2}}},&amp;{\frac {\partial ^{4}S(x,y)}{\partial x^{2}\partial y^{2}}}\end{matrix}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/7d098d2aabcf3de8786e2cdf3b2d9eb99964bfce.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:77.212ex; height:5.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\begin{matrix}{\frac {\partial S(x,y)}{\partial x}},&amp;{\frac {\partial S(x,y)}{\partial y}},&amp;{\frac {\partial ^{2}S(x,y)}{\partial x^{2}}},&amp;{\frac {\partial ^{2}S(x,y)}{\partial y^{2}}},&amp;{\frac {\partial ^{2}S(x,y)}{\partial x\partial y}},&amp;{\frac {\partial ^{3}S(x,y)}{\partial x^{2}\partial y}},&amp;{\frac {\partial ^{3}S(x,y)}{\partial x\partial y^{2}}},&amp;{\frac {\partial ^{4}S(x,y)}{\partial x^{2}\partial y^{2}}}\end{matrix}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Konstruktion_2">Konstruktion</h4></div>
<p><span id="GrafikBikubischeKonstruktion"></span>
</p>

<p>Es ist ersichtlich, dass jeder Schnitt durch eine Teilfläche <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle A_{i,j}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>A</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>j</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle A_{i,j}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/4f379f42961dd620c7a05dc1c538117ec105877d.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:3.678ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle A_{i,j}}" loading="lazy"></span> parallel zur <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>x</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/87f9e315fd7e2ba406057a97300593c4802b53e4.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.33ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x}" loading="lazy"></span>- oder <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle y}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>y</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle y}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b8a6208ec717213d4317e666f1ae872e00620a0d.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.155ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle y}" loading="lazy"></span>-Achse eine eindimensionale Kurve liefert, welche durch ein kubisches Polynom von vier Koeffizienten beschrieben werden kann. Daraus folgt, dass die vier Ränder jeder Teilfläche solche Polynome sind. Um die geforderte zweifach stetige Differenzierbarkeit zu erhalten, können zunächst alle Punkte entlang der Gitterlinien eindimensional interpoliert werden. Der bikubische Spline erbt dabei die verwendeten Randbedingungen der eindimensionalen Splines.
</p><p>Nun stehen zu jedem zweidimensionalen Polynom <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle A_{i,j}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>A</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>j</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle A_{i,j}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/4f379f42961dd620c7a05dc1c538117ec105877d.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:3.678ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle A_{i,j}}" loading="lazy"></span> mit 16 Koeffizienten vier eindimensionale Randpolynome <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle s_{x~i,j}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>s</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>x</mi>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>j</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle s_{x~i,j}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/d5f754b3e387d6f86c579f0667e1d4e5858cf1e3.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:4.546ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle s_{x~i,j}}" loading="lazy"></span>, <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle s_{x~i,j+1}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>s</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>x</mi>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>j</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle s_{x~i,j+1}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/4b5d035d3a56f06ecbae278cc2eb2a3e6032f342.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:6.646ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle s_{x~i,j+1}}" loading="lazy"></span>, <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle s_{y~i,j}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>s</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>y</mi>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>j</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle s_{y~i,j}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/2bf14b36b2064463e9cafdae4309f66d829d29fd.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:4.423ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle s_{y~i,j}}" loading="lazy"></span>, <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle s_{y~i+1,j}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>s</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>y</mi>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>j</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle s_{y~i+1,j}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/ab47588fea11a1373b99372be6745dd1bae0e232.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:6.523ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle s_{y~i+1,j}}" loading="lazy"></span> mit je 4 Koeffizienten zur Verfügung. Hierbei kennzeichnet der erste Index der s, zu welcher Achse sie parallel verlaufen.
</p><p>Um diese Randpolynome zu <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle A_{i,j}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>A</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>j</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle A_{i,j}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/4f379f42961dd620c7a05dc1c538117ec105877d.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:3.678ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle A_{i,j}}" loading="lazy"></span> „zusammenzurechnen“ ist ein System von 16 linearen Gleichungen aufzustellen. Vier Gleichungen ergeben sich aus der Forderung, dass S an den Gitterpunkten genau die Werte <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle z_{i,j}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>z</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>j</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle z_{i,j}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f98fe3ee01cfaa0b15b77d105f53050f3ac2960e.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:3.016ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle z_{i,j}}" loading="lazy"></span> annimmt:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\begin{matrix}A_{i,j}(x_{i},y_{j})=z_{i,j},&amp;A_{i,j}(x_{i+1},y_{j})=z_{i+1,j},&amp;A_{i,j}(x_{i},y_{j+1})=z_{i,j+1},&amp;A_{i,j}(x_{i+1},y_{j+1})=z_{i+1,j+1}\end{matrix}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em">
<mtr>
<mtd>
<msub>
<mi>A</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>j</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
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<msub>
<mi>y</mi>
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<mi>j</mi>
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<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mi>z</mi>
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<mi>j</mi>
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</msub>
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<mtd>
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<mi>x</mi>
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<mi>i</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
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<msub>
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</mrow>
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<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
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<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
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<msub>
<mi>y</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>j</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
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<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mi>z</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
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<mo>,</mo>
<mi>j</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
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</mtd>
<mtd>
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<mi>A</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>j</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>y</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>j</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mi>z</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>j</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mtd>
</mtr>
</mtable>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\begin{matrix}A_{i,j}(x_{i},y_{j})=z_{i,j},&amp;A_{i,j}(x_{i+1},y_{j})=z_{i+1,j},&amp;A_{i,j}(x_{i},y_{j+1})=z_{i,j+1},&amp;A_{i,j}(x_{i+1},y_{j+1})=z_{i+1,j+1}\end{matrix}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/cd5c3cc3c041852a203d716756eadd67315e6be3.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.691ex; margin-bottom: -0.314ex; width:93.717ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\begin{matrix}A_{i,j}(x_{i},y_{j})=z_{i,j},&amp;A_{i,j}(x_{i+1},y_{j})=z_{i+1,j},&amp;A_{i,j}(x_{i},y_{j+1})=z_{i,j+1},&amp;A_{i,j}(x_{i+1},y_{j+1})=z_{i+1,j+1}\end{matrix}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Weitere vier Gleichungen ergeben sich aus der Ableitung der zur <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>x</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/87f9e315fd7e2ba406057a97300593c4802b53e4.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.33ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x}" loading="lazy"></span>-Achse parallelen Randpolynome nach <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>x</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/87f9e315fd7e2ba406057a97300593c4802b53e4.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.33ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x}" loading="lazy"></span>:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\begin{matrix}{\frac {\partial A_{i,j}(x_{i},y_{j})}{\partial x}}={\frac {\partial s_{x~i,j}(x_{i})}{\partial x}},&amp;{\frac {\partial A_{i,j}(x_{i+1},y_{j})}{\partial x}}={\frac {\partial s_{x~i,j}(x_{i+1})}{\partial x}},&amp;{\frac {\partial A_{i,j}(x_{i},y_{j+1})}{\partial x}}={\frac {\partial s_{x~i,j+1}(x_{i})}{\partial x}},&amp;{\frac {\partial A_{i,j}(x_{i+1},y_{j+1})}{\partial x}}={\frac {\partial s_{x~i,j+1}(x_{i+1})}{\partial x}}\end{matrix}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em">
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<msub>
<mi>A</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>j</mi>
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</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
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<mi>i</mi>
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<mi>y</mi>
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<mi>j</mi>
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<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
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<mrow>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mi>x</mi>
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<mo>=</mo>
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<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<msub>
<mi>s</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>x</mi>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>j</mi>
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</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
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<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
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<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
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<mrow>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
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<mo>,</mo>
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<mi>i</mi>
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<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
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<mi>i</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>y</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
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</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
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<mrow>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
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<mo>=</mo>
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<msub>
<mi>s</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>x</mi>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>j</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mi>x</mi>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>,</mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<msub>
<mi>A</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>j</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>y</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>j</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mi>x</mi>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<msub>
<mi>s</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>x</mi>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>j</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
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</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
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<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
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</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
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<mrow>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
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</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>,</mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<msub>
<mi>A</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>j</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>y</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>j</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mi>x</mi>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<msub>
<mi>s</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>x</mi>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>j</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mi>x</mi>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</mtd>
</mtr>
</mtable>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\begin{matrix}{\frac {\partial A_{i,j}(x_{i},y_{j})}{\partial x}}={\frac {\partial s_{x~i,j}(x_{i})}{\partial x}},&amp;{\frac {\partial A_{i,j}(x_{i+1},y_{j})}{\partial x}}={\frac {\partial s_{x~i,j}(x_{i+1})}{\partial x}},&amp;{\frac {\partial A_{i,j}(x_{i},y_{j+1})}{\partial x}}={\frac {\partial s_{x~i,j+1}(x_{i})}{\partial x}},&amp;{\frac {\partial A_{i,j}(x_{i+1},y_{j+1})}{\partial x}}={\frac {\partial s_{x~i,j+1}(x_{i+1})}{\partial x}}\end{matrix}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/9683c14ab2318bb6098539ef6f914c04ef0c52a9.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.671ex; width:106.266ex; height:4.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\begin{matrix}{\frac {\partial A_{i,j}(x_{i},y_{j})}{\partial x}}={\frac {\partial s_{x~i,j}(x_{i})}{\partial x}},&amp;{\frac {\partial A_{i,j}(x_{i+1},y_{j})}{\partial x}}={\frac {\partial s_{x~i,j}(x_{i+1})}{\partial x}},&amp;{\frac {\partial A_{i,j}(x_{i},y_{j+1})}{\partial x}}={\frac {\partial s_{x~i,j+1}(x_{i})}{\partial x}},&amp;{\frac {\partial A_{i,j}(x_{i+1},y_{j+1})}{\partial x}}={\frac {\partial s_{x~i,j+1}(x_{i+1})}{\partial x}}\end{matrix}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Weitere vier Gleichungen aus der Ableitung der zur <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle y}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>y</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle y}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b8a6208ec717213d4317e666f1ae872e00620a0d.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.155ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle y}" loading="lazy"></span>-Achse parallelen Randpolynome nach <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle y}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>y</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle y}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b8a6208ec717213d4317e666f1ae872e00620a0d.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.155ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle y}" loading="lazy"></span>:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\begin{matrix}{\frac {\partial A_{i,j}(x_{i},y_{j})}{\partial y}}={\frac {\partial s_{y~i,j}(y_{j})}{\partial y}},&amp;{\frac {\partial A_{i,j}(x_{i+1},y_{j})}{\partial y}}={\frac {\partial s_{y~i+1,j}(y_{j})}{\partial y}},&amp;{\frac {\partial A_{i,j}(x_{i},y_{j+1})}{\partial y}}={\frac {\partial s_{y~i,j}(y_{j+1})}{\partial y}},&amp;{\frac {\partial A_{i,j}(x_{i+1},y_{j+1})}{\partial y}}={\frac {\partial s_{y~i+1,j}(y_{j+1})}{\partial y}}\end{matrix}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em">
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<msub>
<mi>A</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>j</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>y</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>j</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
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<mrow>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mi>y</mi>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<msub>
<mi>s</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>y</mi>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>j</mi>
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</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>y</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>j</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mi>y</mi>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>,</mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<msub>
<mi>A</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>j</mi>
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</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
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</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>y</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>j</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mi>y</mi>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<msub>
<mi>s</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>y</mi>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>j</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>y</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>j</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mi>y</mi>
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</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>,</mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<msub>
<mi>A</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>j</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>y</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>j</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mi>y</mi>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<msub>
<mi>s</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>y</mi>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>j</mi>
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</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>y</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>j</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
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<mrow>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mi>y</mi>
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</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>,</mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<msub>
<mi>A</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>j</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
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<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>y</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>j</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
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<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
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<mrow>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mi>y</mi>
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</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
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<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
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<mi>s</mi>
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<mi>y</mi>
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<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>y</mi>
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<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mi>y</mi>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\begin{matrix}{\frac {\partial A_{i,j}(x_{i},y_{j})}{\partial y}}={\frac {\partial s_{y~i,j}(y_{j})}{\partial y}},&amp;{\frac {\partial A_{i,j}(x_{i+1},y_{j})}{\partial y}}={\frac {\partial s_{y~i+1,j}(y_{j})}{\partial y}},&amp;{\frac {\partial A_{i,j}(x_{i},y_{j+1})}{\partial y}}={\frac {\partial s_{y~i,j}(y_{j+1})}{\partial y}},&amp;{\frac {\partial A_{i,j}(x_{i+1},y_{j+1})}{\partial y}}={\frac {\partial s_{y~i+1,j}(y_{j+1})}{\partial y}}\end{matrix}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/ca28703d7b8eb68625303636fa4631f25ea6127d.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:105.685ex; height:4.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\begin{matrix}{\frac {\partial A_{i,j}(x_{i},y_{j})}{\partial y}}={\frac {\partial s_{y~i,j}(y_{j})}{\partial y}},&amp;{\frac {\partial A_{i,j}(x_{i+1},y_{j})}{\partial y}}={\frac {\partial s_{y~i+1,j}(y_{j})}{\partial y}},&amp;{\frac {\partial A_{i,j}(x_{i},y_{j+1})}{\partial y}}={\frac {\partial s_{y~i,j}(y_{j+1})}{\partial y}},&amp;{\frac {\partial A_{i,j}(x_{i+1},y_{j+1})}{\partial y}}={\frac {\partial s_{y~i+1,j}(y_{j+1})}{\partial y}}\end{matrix}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Nun ergibt sich das Problem, dass entlang jedem der vier Ränder zwei Punkte und zwei Ableitungen gegeben sind. Damit ist ein Polynom von Grad 3 entlang des jeweiligen Randes eigentlich vollständig spezifiziert. Das hinzunehmen z.&nbsp;B. der zweiten Ableitungen an den Eckpunkten oder weiterer Funktionswerte entlang der Randpolynome würde eine lineare Abhängigkeit im Gleichungssystem erzeugen. Mit den gegebenen Gleichungen lassen sich jedoch nur 12 der 16 Koeffizienten bestimmen. Ein nicht linear abhängiges System ergibt sich durch Hinzunahme der gemischten Ableitungen nach x und y. Setzt man diese in den Eckpunkten etwa auf null, so ist <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle S}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>S</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle S}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/4611d85173cd3b508e67077d4a1252c9c05abca2.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.499ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle S}" loading="lazy"></span> nur in den Eckpunkten zweimal stetig differenzierbar. Entlang der Ränder ergeben sich in den zweiten Ableitungen jedoch Sprünge. Aus den Randpolynomen lassen sich die gemischten Ableitungen jedoch nicht direkt berechnen.
</p><p>Um nun korrekte Werte für diese gemischten Ableitungen zu erhalten, welche auch entlang der Ränder stetige, zweite Ableitungen von <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle S}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>S</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle S}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/4611d85173cd3b508e67077d4a1252c9c05abca2.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.499ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle S}" loading="lazy"></span> liefern, kann wie folgt vorgegangen werden:
</p>
<ul><li>Entlang der Gitterlinien, welche parallel zur <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>x</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/87f9e315fd7e2ba406057a97300593c4802b53e4.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.33ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x}" loading="lazy"></span>-Achse verlaufen, werden weitere, eindimensionale Splines <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle s_{d}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>s</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>d</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle s_{d}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/4e6c51f4971ab7c0a784790aa1de2040086ddcbe.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.182ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle s_{d}}" loading="lazy"></span> gebildet</li>
<li>Diese interpolieren statt der <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle z}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>z</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle z}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/bf368e72c009decd9b6686ee84a375632e11de98.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.088ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle z}" loading="lazy"></span>-Werte die Ableitungen von <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle s_{y}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>s</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>y</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle s_{y}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/bec93eb58677e5642c86ecdb2430703a8ee57da2.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:2.14ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle s_{y}}" loading="lazy"></span> an deren Schnittpunkten mit den <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>x</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/87f9e315fd7e2ba406057a97300593c4802b53e4.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.33ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x}" loading="lazy"></span>-Gitterlinien</li>
<li>Die <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle s_{d}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>s</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>d</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle s_{d}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/4e6c51f4971ab7c0a784790aa1de2040086ddcbe.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.182ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle s_{d}}" loading="lazy"></span>-Splines können nun nach <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>x</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/87f9e315fd7e2ba406057a97300593c4802b53e4.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.33ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x}" loading="lazy"></span> abgeleitet werden. Daraus ergeben sich die gemischten Ableitungen</li></ul>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\begin{matrix}{\frac {\partial ^{2}A_{i,j}(x_{i},y_{j})}{\partial x\partial y}}={\frac {\partial s_{d~i,j}(x_{i})}{\partial x}},&amp;{\frac {\partial ^{2}A_{i,j}(x_{i+1},y_{j})}{\partial x\partial y}}={\frac {\partial s_{d~i,j}(x_{i+1})}{\partial x}},&amp;{\frac {\partial ^{2}A_{i,j}(x_{i},y_{j+1})}{\partial x\partial y}}={\frac {\partial s_{d~i,j+1}(x_{i})}{\partial x}},&amp;{\frac {\partial ^{2}A_{i,j}(x_{i+1},y_{j+1})}{\partial x\partial y}}={\frac {\partial s_{d~i,j+1}(x_{i+1})}{\partial x}}\end{matrix}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em">
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
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</msup>
<msub>
<mi>A</mi>
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<mi>i</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
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<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
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</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
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<mrow>
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<mi>y</mi>
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</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
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<mfrac>
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<mi>d</mi>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
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<mo>,</mo>
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<mfrac>
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<msub>
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<mn>1</mn>
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<mi>j</mi>
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<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
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<mi>x</mi>
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<mi>y</mi>
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</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
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<msub>
<mi>s</mi>
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<mi>d</mi>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>j</mi>
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</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
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<mi>i</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
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</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mi>x</mi>
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</mrow>
<mo>,</mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
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</msup>
<msub>
<mi>A</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>j</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
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</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>y</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>j</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mi>x</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mi>y</mi>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<msub>
<mi>s</mi>
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<mi>d</mi>
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<mi>i</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>j</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mi>x</mi>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>,</mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
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</msup>
<msub>
<mi>A</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>j</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
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<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>y</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>j</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mi>x</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mi>y</mi>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<msub>
<mi>s</mi>
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<mi>x</mi>
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<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
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<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
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<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mi>x</mi>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</mtd>
</mtr>
</mtable>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\begin{matrix}{\frac {\partial ^{2}A_{i,j}(x_{i},y_{j})}{\partial x\partial y}}={\frac {\partial s_{d~i,j}(x_{i})}{\partial x}},&amp;{\frac {\partial ^{2}A_{i,j}(x_{i+1},y_{j})}{\partial x\partial y}}={\frac {\partial s_{d~i,j}(x_{i+1})}{\partial x}},&amp;{\frac {\partial ^{2}A_{i,j}(x_{i},y_{j+1})}{\partial x\partial y}}={\frac {\partial s_{d~i,j+1}(x_{i})}{\partial x}},&amp;{\frac {\partial ^{2}A_{i,j}(x_{i+1},y_{j+1})}{\partial x\partial y}}={\frac {\partial s_{d~i,j+1}(x_{i+1})}{\partial x}}\end{matrix}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/5a6857eefc9d7b954b4a45ecc79095ef842093b3.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.743ex; margin-bottom: -0.262ex; width:109.403ex; height:5.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\begin{matrix}{\frac {\partial ^{2}A_{i,j}(x_{i},y_{j})}{\partial x\partial y}}={\frac {\partial s_{d~i,j}(x_{i})}{\partial x}},&amp;{\frac {\partial ^{2}A_{i,j}(x_{i+1},y_{j})}{\partial x\partial y}}={\frac {\partial s_{d~i,j}(x_{i+1})}{\partial x}},&amp;{\frac {\partial ^{2}A_{i,j}(x_{i},y_{j+1})}{\partial x\partial y}}={\frac {\partial s_{d~i,j+1}(x_{i})}{\partial x}},&amp;{\frac {\partial ^{2}A_{i,j}(x_{i+1},y_{j+1})}{\partial x\partial y}}={\frac {\partial s_{d~i,j+1}(x_{i+1})}{\partial x}}\end{matrix}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Wie beim eindimensionalen C<sup>2</sup>-Spline wirkt sich auch beim bikubischen Spline eine Änderung in einer Stützstelle (Datenpunkt) generell auf alle Teilflächen aus. Dies veranschaulicht, warum eine Konstruktion alleine aus den Randpolynomen <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle s_{x}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>s</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>x</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle s_{x}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f738a5f93f694ded413a8f8da71081d0fdff4501.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.263ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle s_{x}}" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle s_{y}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>s</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>y</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle s_{y}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/bec93eb58677e5642c86ecdb2430703a8ee57da2.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:2.14ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle s_{y}}" loading="lazy"></span> fehlschlägt: Diese ändern sich nur, wenn ein Datenwert, welcher parallel (in <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>x</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/87f9e315fd7e2ba406057a97300593c4802b53e4.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.33ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x}" loading="lazy"></span>- oder <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle y}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>y</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle y}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b8a6208ec717213d4317e666f1ae872e00620a0d.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.155ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle y}" loading="lazy"></span>-Richtung) zur betrachteten Teilfläche liegt, geändert wird. In der <a href="#GrafikBikubischeKonstruktion">Abbildung rechts</a> hat eine Änderung von <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle z_{3,0}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>z</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>3</mn>
<mo>,</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle z_{3,0}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/735da8d9b4b96a55ecf0d9aa03f1d87898d6c7f3.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:3.415ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle z_{3,0}}" loading="lazy"></span> keinen Einfluss auf die 1D-Splines, welche den Rand von <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle A_{1,1}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>A</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>,</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle A_{1,1}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/1c99664acd957ec78f9edb73bdd1286acb5a9361.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:4.077ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle A_{1,1}}" loading="lazy"></span> bilden. Erst die erneute Interpolation durch <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle s_{d}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>s</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>d</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle s_{d}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/4e6c51f4971ab7c0a784790aa1de2040086ddcbe.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.182ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle s_{d}}" loading="lazy"></span> erzeugt eine Abhängigkeit zwischen diesem Punkt und der Fläche.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Beispiel">Beispiel</h4></div>

<p>Beispiel für bikubische Interpolation:<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ein Datenblock aus 6x6 Werten (links) wird bikubisch interpoliert (Mitte). Dabei wurden natürliche Randbedingungen angenommen (die zweite Ableitung auf den Randpunkten ist null). Die Farben zwischen linkem und mittlerem Bild wurden synchronisiert und beschreiben die Funktionswerte ähnlich der Farben auf einer Landkarte zur Illustration der Höhe. Um die Korrektheit der Interpolation zu verdeutlichen, wird rechts die zweite Ableitung <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {\partial ^{4}S}{\partial x^{2}\partial y^{2}}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>4</mn>
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</msup>
<mi>S</mi>
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<mrow>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<msup>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
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</msup>
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<msup>
<mi>y</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
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</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {\partial ^{4}S}{\partial x^{2}\partial y^{2}}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c1e69f357cae058ed37cbad7a414f79989e55630.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:8.071ex; height:6.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {\partial ^{4}S}{\partial x^{2}\partial y^{2}}}}" loading="lazy"></span> gezeigt. Diese besteht aus linearen Funktionen und ist immer noch stetig.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Splines_höherer_Ordnung"><span id="Splines_h.C3.B6herer_Ordnung"></span>Splines höherer Ordnung</h2></div>
<p>Analog zu linearen und kubische Splines lassen sich auch Splines höherer Ordnung mit stückweise Polynomen mit Grad <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle p>3}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>p</mi>
<mo>&gt;</mo>
<mn>3</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle p&gt;3}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/437742224b9541cf2559f13e70834ba2c21213cb.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; margin-left: -0.089ex; width:5.52ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle p>3}" loading="lazy"></span> definieren, auch wenn diese praktisch oft von untergeordnetem Interesse sind. Um die Symmetrie der Randbedingungen zu gewährleisten, beschränkt man sich hierbei auf ungerade Werte für <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle p}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>p</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle p}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/81eac1e205430d1f40810df36a0edffdc367af36.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; margin-left: -0.089ex; width:1.259ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle p}" loading="lazy"></span><sup id="cite_ref-:1_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, d.&nbsp;h. lineare <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (p=1)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>p</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (p=1)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/5716227a1a4ab4512ee0960d932e3112410791e3.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:7.24ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (p=1)}" loading="lazy"></span>, kubische <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (p=3)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>p</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>3</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (p=3)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/0c45e8e32977a0479f79ad1edeaf74d2590dd9ed.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:7.24ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (p=3)}" loading="lazy"></span> und quintische <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (p=5)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>p</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>5</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (p=5)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/3eea923064a81cab83dab4d9e6a2a909c18cfe51.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:7.24ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (p=5)}" loading="lazy"></span> Splines, usw.
</p><p>Die meisten Aussagen (Randbedingungen, Eindeutigkeit, Konvergenz) lassen sich analog zu kubischen Splines treffen<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Für <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle p=5}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>p</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>5</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle p=5}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/261ae92684f7423f53230594c6aca12906781b79.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; margin-left: -0.089ex; width:5.52ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle p=5}" loading="lazy"></span> würde man beispielsweise ebenso ein lineares Gleichungssystem für die Bestimmung der Koeffizienten der Splines erhalten. Die Matrix wäre immer noch dünn besetzt, aber nicht mehr tridiagonal wie für kubische Splines.
</p><p>Erhöht man <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle p}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>p</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle p}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/81eac1e205430d1f40810df36a0edffdc367af36.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; margin-left: -0.089ex; width:1.259ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle p}" loading="lazy"></span> zu stark, so können wie bei der Polynominterpolation Runge-Oszillationen auftreten<sup id="cite_ref-:1_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Deswegen und der Schwierigkeit praktische Randbedingungen zu definieren, sind Splines mit <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle p>5}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>p</mi>
<mo>&gt;</mo>
<mn>5</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle p&gt;5}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/5fb33f8b4c924ca75444b148b0746e00f1920935.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; margin-left: -0.089ex; width:5.52ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle p>5}" loading="lazy"></span> praktisch eher selten zu finden.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Interpolation_mit_Formerhaltung">Interpolation mit Formerhaltung</h2></div>
<p>Splines sind aufgrund ihrer Eigenschaften im <a href="CAD" title="CAD">CAD</a> weit verbreitet. Es stellt sich die Frage, unter welchen Bedingungen eine Spline-Interpolante eine der folgenden formerhaltenden Eigenschaften der zu interpolierenden Funktion <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f\colon [a,b]\to \mathbb {R} }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>f</mi>
<mo>:<!-- : --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">]</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f\colon [a,b]\to \mathbb {R} }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c5ab61178bf5349838758ffe3d96135406ed0245.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:12.16ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f\colon [a,b]\to \mathbb {R} }" loading="lazy"></span> erbt:
</p>
<ul><li>Nichtnegativität: <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f(x)\geq 0}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>≥<!-- ≥ --></mo>
<mn>0</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f(x)\geq 0}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b2635ab62e1e5dc91ebf9789bb2e8d636415df57.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:8.678ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f(x)\geq 0}" loading="lazy"></span> für alle <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>x</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/87f9e315fd7e2ba406057a97300593c4802b53e4.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.33ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x}" loading="lazy"></span></li>
<li><a href="Monotone_reelle_Funktion" title="Monotone reelle Funktion">Monotonie</a>: <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f(x)\leq f(y)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>y</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f(x)\leq f(y)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/ef64a0cfa8c32bf9d3f0549cb5ab1b3f46af5dd4.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:11.759ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f(x)\leq f(y)}" loading="lazy"></span> für <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle a\leq x\leq y\leq b}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mi>y</mi>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mi>b</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle a\leq x\leq y\leq b}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/8b4e4d821b4075bcd2e1fc6f5e60f0afd565d15e.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:14.008ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle a\leq x\leq y\leq b}" loading="lazy"></span></li>
<li><a href="Konvexe_und_konkave_Funktionen" title="Konvexe und konkave Funktionen">Konvexität</a>: <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f(\lambda x+(1-\lambda )y)\leq \lambda f(x)+(1-\lambda )f(y)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mi>y</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>+</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>y</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f(\lambda x+(1-\lambda )y)\leq \lambda f(x)+(1-\lambda )f(y)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/47a8d9f741acd54fd638b5e6c4b93dbbc04811ec.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:40.058ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f(\lambda x+(1-\lambda )y)\leq \lambda f(x)+(1-\lambda )f(y)}" loading="lazy"></span> für alle <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x,y\in [a,b]}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>y</mi>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">]</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x,y\in [a,b]}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/1e14f38807bc231b9e43d45c8e909d463afb17b5.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:10.915ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x,y\in [a,b]}" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \lambda \in [0,\,1]}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
<mo>,</mo>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">]</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \lambda \in [0,\,1]}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/dcc8729134d189796d6917fb355ed7274283de87.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:9.236ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \lambda \in [0,\,1]}" loading="lazy"></span></li></ul>
<p>Hier zeigt sich, dass klassische Splines etwas schlechtere Eigenschaften haben als <a href="B%C3%A9zierkurve" title="Bézierkurve">Bézierkurven</a>. Zunächst stellt sich die Frage, wann ein interpolierender Spline konvex ist.
</p><p>Für klassische Splines gilt, dass die Menge möglicher Splines auf dem Intervall <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle [a,b]}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">]</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle [a,b]}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/9c4b788fc5c637e26ee98b45f89a5c08c85f7935.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:4.555ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle [a,b]}" loading="lazy"></span> zum Gitter <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \Delta :a=x_{0}<x_{1}<\dots <x_{n}=b}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi mathvariant="normal">Δ<!-- Δ --></mi>
<mo>:</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>&lt;</mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>&lt;</mo>
<mo>⋯<!-- ⋯ --></mo>
<mo>&lt;</mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \Delta :a=x_{0}&lt;x_{1}&lt;\dots &lt;x_{n}=b}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/ae3a3fe6333632954bf9b6b735618e2f8ed6b27d.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:31.632ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \Delta :a=x_{0}<x_{1}<\dots <x_{n}=b}" loading="lazy"></span> ein endlichdimensionaler <a href="Vektorraum" title="Vektorraum">Vektorraum</a> ist. Für die Interpolation werden (nicht notwendig mit dem Gitter zusammenfallenden) Knoten <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle a=t_{0}<t_{1}<\dots <t_{m}=b}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mi>t</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>&lt;</mo>
<msub>
<mi>t</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>&lt;</mo>
<mo>⋯<!-- ⋯ --></mo>
<mo>&lt;</mo>
<msub>
<mi>t</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>m</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle a=t_{0}&lt;t_{1}&lt;\dots &lt;t_{m}=b}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/d0ae3b753454e2b781b193481a867a20ce7299a8.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:26.745ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle a=t_{0}<t_{1}<\dots <t_{m}=b}" loading="lazy"></span> und zugehörige Ordinaten <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f_{0},\dots ,f_{m}\in \mathbb {R} }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>f</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>f</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>m</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f_{0},\dots ,f_{m}\in \mathbb {R} }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/9db61508c4366ccf5192ad4a3979217eae41a370.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:14.705ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f_{0},\dots ,f_{m}\in \mathbb {R} }" loading="lazy"></span> vorgegeben und gefordert, dass der Spline <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle s}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>s</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle s}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/01d131dfd7673938b947072a13a9744fe997e632.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.09ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle s}" loading="lazy"></span> stetig differenzierbar in <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (a,b)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (a,b)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/d7e5710198f33b00695903460983021e75860e2c.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:5.071ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (a,b)}" loading="lazy"></span> ist und darüber hinaus <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \displaystyle s(t_{k})=f_{k}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>s</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>t</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mi>f</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \displaystyle s(t_{k})=f_{k}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/6c033c524c0091d98242ab3a9f94d4d1977009fd.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:10.155ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \displaystyle s(t_{k})=f_{k}}" loading="lazy"></span> für <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle k=0,1,\dots ,m}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>k</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
<mo>,</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>m</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle k=0,1,\dots ,m}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f8ea5dd472882e5ddad954b1b3e0912d3cc5463d.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:14.887ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle k=0,1,\dots ,m}" loading="lazy"></span> gilt. Fordert man zusätzlich die Konvexität des interpolierenden Splines und geringe technische Annahmen, so stellt man fest, dass die Menge <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle Y}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>Y</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle Y}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/961d67d6b454b4df2301ac571808a3538b3a6d3f.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.171ex; width:1.773ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle Y}" loading="lazy"></span> aller Ordinatentupel <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (f_{0},\dots ,f_{m})}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>f</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>f</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>m</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (f_{0},\dots ,f_{m})}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/86d9a5500b1890e742905f8ad03c04f65bbc1ab7.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:11.995ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (f_{0},\dots ,f_{m})}" loading="lazy"></span>, für die ein solcher Spline existiert, <a href="Abgeschlossene_Menge" title="Abgeschlossene Menge">abgeschlossen</a> ist.<sup id="cite_ref-Staircase_Algorithm_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Staircase_Algorithm-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Das hat weitreichende Konsequenzen. <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle Y}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>Y</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle Y}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/961d67d6b454b4df2301ac571808a3538b3a6d3f.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.171ex; width:1.773ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle Y}" loading="lazy"></span> ist eine echte <a href="Teilmenge" title="Teilmenge">Teilmenge</a> des <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathbb {R} }^{m+1}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>m</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mathbb {R} }^{m+1}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/097a2dab9ec685af9c57f2fcf15d929059ab1532.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:5.454ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\mathbb {R} }^{m+1}}" loading="lazy"></span>, falls <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle m\geq 2}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>m</mi>
<mo>≥<!-- ≥ --></mo>
<mn>2</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle m\geq 2}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/eca2e437e89ef4565a87f1a6d90ed37eef1d8ce3.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:6.301ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle m\geq 2}" loading="lazy"></span>, da die Eingangsdaten nicht in konvexer Lage zu sein brauchen. Bei Vorgabe eines Tupels auf dem Rand von <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle Y}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>Y</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle Y}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/961d67d6b454b4df2301ac571808a3538b3a6d3f.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.171ex; width:1.773ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle Y}" loading="lazy"></span> kann infolge Rechenungenauigkeiten oder anderer Störungen die Menge <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle Y}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>Y</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle Y}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/961d67d6b454b4df2301ac571808a3538b3a6d3f.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.171ex; width:1.773ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle Y}" loading="lazy"></span> verlassen worden sein, so dass trotz Lösbarkeit des Ausgangsproblems keine Lösung gefunden wird. Die andere Folgerung des Satzes ist noch schlimmer. Dazu seien fünf Punkte in Form des Zeichens „<span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \lor }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo>∨<!-- ∨ --></mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \lor }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/ab47f6b1f589aedcf14638df1d63049d233d851a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.55ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \lor }" loading="lazy"></span>“ so angeordnet, dass der mittlere Punkt genau auf der Spitze liegt. Die einzige konvexe Interpolierende ist dann die <a href="Betragsfunktion" title="Betragsfunktion">Betragsfunktion</a>, und diese ist nicht stetig differenzierbar. Also gehört das 5-Tupel zum Komplement von <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle Y}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>Y</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle Y}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/961d67d6b454b4df2301ac571808a3538b3a6d3f.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.171ex; width:1.773ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle Y}" loading="lazy"></span>, und dieses ist <a href="Offene_Menge" title="Offene Menge">offen</a>. Somit gibt es eine <a href="Umgebung_(Mathematik)" title="Umgebung (Mathematik)">Umgebung</a> des 5-Tupels, in der es ebenfalls keine konvexe, stetig differenzierbare Interpolierende gibt. Verschiebt man den mittleren Punkt geringfügig nach oben, ohne die Umgebung zu verlassen, dann erhält man folglich fünf Punkte in streng konvexer Lage, zu denen dennoch die Interpolationsaufgabe keine Lösung besitzt. Da dieser Effekt bei Vorgabe vieler Interpolationspunkte zunimmt, bleibt nur ein Ausweg, die Lösbarkeit für Eingangsdaten in streng konvexer Lage zu gewährleisten, nämlich die Voraussetzungen des Satzes zu verletzen. Die Menge, aus der die Splines entnommen werden dürfen, soll kein endlichdimensionaler Vektorraum sein. Dafür bieten sich u. a. an:
</p>
<ul><li>(gebrochen-)rationale Splines</li>
<li>Splines mit frei wählbaren Zwischenknoten</li>
<li>Exponentialsplines</li>
<li>lakunäre (lückenhafte) Splines</li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Siehe_auch">Siehe auch</h2></div>
<ul><li><a href="Akima-Interpolation" title="Akima-Interpolation">Akima-Interpolation</a> – Ein Spezialfall der Spline-Interpolation</li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatur">Literatur</h2></div>
<ul><li>Stoer, Bulirsch: <cite style="font-style:italic">Numerische Mathematik 1</cite>. 10. Auflage. Springer Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York 2007, ISBN 978-3-540-45389-5, 2.5 Spline-Interpolation, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>112–148</span> (mit Beispielen, Beweisen, Übungsaufgaben und umfangreichen Angaben zu weiterer speziellerer Literatur).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abookitem&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Spline-Interpolation&amp;rft.atitle=2.5+Spline-Interpolation&amp;rft.au=Stoer%2C+Bulirsch&amp;rft.btitle=Numerische+Mathematik+1&amp;rft.date=2007&amp;rft.edition=10.&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.isbn=9783540453895&amp;rft.pages=112-148&amp;rft.place=Berlin%2C+Heidelberg%2C+New+York&amp;rft.pub=Springer+Verlag" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></li>
<li>Robert Schaback, Holger Wendland: <cite style="font-style:italic">Numerische Mathematik</cite>. 5. Auflage. Springer, Berlin 2005, ISBN 978-3-540-21394-9, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>179<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>ff</span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Spline-Interpolation&amp;rft.au=Robert+Schaback%2C+Holger+Wendland&amp;rft.btitle=Numerische+Mathematik&amp;rft.date=2005&amp;rft.edition=5.&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=9783540213949&amp;rft.pages=179ff.&amp;rft.place=Berlin&amp;rft.pub=Springer" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Weblinks">Weblinks</h2></div>
<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tools.timodenk.com/?p=cubic-spline-interpolation">Online-Tool zur Kubischen Spline-Interpolation mit Visualisierung und JavaScript-Quellcode</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lp.uni-goettingen.de/get/text/1232">Skript zur Spline-Interpolation, Uni Göttingen</a></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweise</h2></div>
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-2">c</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-3">d</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Robert Schaback, Holger Wendland: <cite style="font-style:italic">Numerische Mathematik</cite> (=&nbsp;<cite style="font-style:italic">Springer-Lehrbuch</cite>). Fünfte, vollständig neu bearbeitete Auflage. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, Heidelberg 2005, ISBN 978-3-540-21394-9.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Spline-Interpolation&amp;rft.au=Robert+Schaback%2C+Holger+Wendland&amp;rft.btitle=Numerische+Mathematik&amp;rft.date=2005&amp;rft.edition=F%C3%BCnfte%2C+vollst%C3%A4ndig+neu+bearbeitete+Auflage&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=9783540213949&amp;rft.place=Berlin%2C+Heidelberg&amp;rft.pub=Springer+Berlin+Heidelberg&amp;rft.series=Springer-Lehrbuch" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span><span class="error" style="display:none"><b>Fehler in Vorlage:Literatur</b> – <span class="Zitationsfehler Zitationswartung" style="display:none">*** Parameterproblem: Dateiformat/Größe/Abruf nur bei externem Link</span></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Robert Plato: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.springer.com/de/book/9783834810182"><i>Numerische Mathematik kompakt</i>, 4. Auflage, Seite 27, Bemerkung 2.11</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="Josef_Stoer" title="Josef Stoer">Josef Stoer</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007%2Fb138027"><i>Numerische Mathematik 1</i>, 9. Auflage, Abschnitt 2.4.2, Seite 109</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Lebesgue und Birkhoff: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-94-011-5338-6"><i>Handbook of Splines</i>, Abschnitt 1.9, Seite 56</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite">Takeo Akasaki, <a href="William_F._Donoghue" title="William F. Donoghue">William&nbsp;F. Donoghue Jr.</a>, George S. McCarty: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://texts.cdlib.org/view?docId=hb767nb3z6&amp;doc.view=frames&amp;chunk.id=div00051&amp;toc.depth=1&amp;toc.id="><i>John C. Holladay, 1928–1986.</i></a> In Memoriam. <a href="University_of_California" title="University of California">University of California</a>, 1986,<span class="Abrufdatum"> abgerufen am 22.&nbsp;Januar 2021</span>.</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ASpline-Interpolation&amp;rft.title=John+C.+Holladay%2C+1928%E2%80%931986&amp;rft.description=John+C.+Holladay%2C+1928%E2%80%931986&amp;rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Ftexts.cdlib.org%2Fview%3FdocId%3Dhb767nb3z6%26doc.view%3Dframes%26chunk.id%3Ddiv00051%26toc.depth%3D1%26toc.id%3D&amp;rft.creator=Takeo+Akasaki%2C+%5B%5BWilliam+F.+Donoghue%7CWilliam%26nbsp%3BF.+Donoghue+Jr.%5D%5D%2C+George+S.+McCarty&amp;rft.publisher=%5B%5BUniversity+of+California%5D%5D&amp;rft.date=1986">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Lebesgue und Birkhoff: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-94-011-5338-6"><i>Handbook of Splines</i>, Abschnitt 2.2, Seite 82</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Die Beispielinterpolation wurde erstellt mit: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mitjastachowiak.de/?/projects/numericcollection/index.html">Programm <i>Numeric Collection</i> von Mitja Stachowiak</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-:1-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:1_8-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:1_8-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lp.uni-goettingen.de/get/text/1234"><i>LP – Räume von Spline-Funktionen.</i></a><span class="Abrufdatum"> Abgerufen am 25.&nbsp;Oktober 2025</span>.</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ASpline-Interpolation&amp;rft.title=LP+%E2%80%93+R%C3%A4ume+von+Spline-Funktionen&amp;rft.description=LP+%E2%80%93+R%C3%A4ume+von+Spline-Funktionen&amp;rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Flp.uni-goettingen.de%2Fget%2Ftext%2F1234">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Staircase_Algorithm-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Staircase_Algorithm_9-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="Jochen_W._Schmidt" title="Jochen W. Schmidt">Jochen W. Schmidt</a>: <i>Staircase Algorithm and Construction of Convex Spline Interpolants up to the Continuity <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle C^{3}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>C</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>3</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle C^{3}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/88d98c7db93d80e39989f817a3b84c213730e367.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.852ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle C^{3}}" loading="lazy"></span>.</i> In: <i>Computers and Mathematics with Applications</i>, Volume 31, Number 4, February 1995, pp. 67–79.</span>
</li>
</ol></div><!--htdig_noindex--><div><div class="zim-footer">
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